Recombinant Human Vimentin Protein, CF Summary
Product Specifications
Ser2-Glu466, with a C-terminal 6-His tag
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
2105-VI
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with Trehalose. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Reconstitution Calculator
Background: Vimentin
The Vimentin protein is a 57 kDa class III intermediate filament (IF) protein that belongs to the intermediate filament family. Vimentin is the predominant intermediate filament in cells of mesenchymal origin such as vascular endothelium and blood cells (1-3). The human Vimentin cDNA encodes a 466 amino acid (aa) Vimentin protein that contains head and tail regions with multiple regulatory Ser/Thr phosphorylation sites, and a central rod domain with three coiled-coil regions separated by linkers (1, 2). The human Vimentin protein shares 97-98% aa identity with the mouse, rat, bovine and canine Vimentin proteins. Sixteen Vimentin coiled-coil dimers self-assemble to form intermediate (10-12 nm wide) filaments (4). These filaments then anneal longitudinally to form non-polarized fibers that support cell structure and withstand stress (4). Intermediate filament fibers are highly dynamic, and their half-life depends on the balance between kinase and phosphatase activity. For example, phosphorylation followed by dephosphorylation drives intermediate filament disintegration, followed by reorganization during mitosis (1, 5, 6). Interactions of head and tail domains link intermediate filaments with other structures such as actin and microtubule cytoskeletons (7). The Vimentin protein is involved in positioning autophagosomes, lysosomes and the Golgi complex within the cell (8). It facilitates cell migration and motility by recycling internalized trailing edge integrins back to the cell surface at the leading edge (9-11). Vimentin also helps maintain the lipid composition of cellular membranes, and caspase cleavage of the Vimentin protein is a key event in apoptosis (8, 12). Phosphorylation of the Vimentin protein promotes its secretion by TNF-alpha -stimulated macrophages (13). Extracellular Vimentin has been shown to associate with several microbes, and appears to promote an antimicrobial oxidative burst (13, 14). Cell-associated Vimentin can also interact with NKp46 to recruit NK cells to tuberculosis-infected monocytes (15).
- Omary, M.B. et al. (2006) Trends Biochem. Sci. 31:383.
- Ivaska, J. et al. (2007) Exp. Cell Res. 313:2050.
- Ferrari, S. et al. (1986) Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:3614.
- Sokolova, A.V. et al. (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:16206.
- Eriksson, J.E. et al. (2004) J. Cell Sci. 117:919.
- Li, Q.-F. et al. (2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281:34716.
- Esue, O. et al. (2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281:30393.
- Styers, M.L. et al. (2005) Traffic 6:359.
- McInroy, L. and A. Maata (2007) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 360:109.
- Nieminen, M. et al. (2006) Nat. Cell Biol. 8:156.
- Ivaska, J. et al. (2005) EMBO J. 24:3834.
- Byun, Y. et al. (2001) Cell Death Differ. 8:443.
- Mor-Vaknin, N. et al. (2003) Nat. Cell Biol. 5:59.
- Zou, Y. et al. (2006) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 351:625.
- Garg, A. et al. (2006) J. Immunol. 177:6192.
Citations for Recombinant Human Vimentin Protein, CF
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 7
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Identification of anti-citrullinated osteopontin antibodies and increased inflammatory response by enhancement of osteopontin binding to fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: A Umemoto, T Kuwada, K Murata, M Shiokawa, S Ota, Y Murotani, A Itamoto, K Nishitani, H Yoshitomi, T Fujii, A Onishi, H Onizawa, K Murakami, M Tanaka, H Ito, H Seno, A Morinobu, S Matsuda
Arthritis Research & Therapy, 2023-02-17;25(1):25.
Species: Human, N/A
Sample Types: Antibody, Protein, Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay, ELISA Capture -
Autophagy promotes citrullination of VIM (vimentin) and its interaction with major histocompatibility complex class II in synovial fibroblasts
Authors: E Sugawara, M Kato, Y Kudo, W Lee, R Hisada, Y Fujieda, K Oku, T Bohgaki, O Amengual, S Yasuda, T Onodera, S Hatakeyama, T Atsumi
Autophagy, 2019-09-08;0(0):1-10.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
Applications: Western Blot -
Cigarette Smoke Induces Immune Responses to Vimentin in both, Arthritis-Susceptible and -Resistant Humanized Mice
PLoS ONE, 2016-09-07;11(9):e0162341.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo -
Potential Function of Exogenous Vimentin on the Activation of Wnt Signaling Pathway in Cancer Cells
J Cancer, 2016-08-12;7(13):1824-1832.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
The mosaic of "seronegative" antiphospholipid syndrome.
Authors: Conti F, Capozzi A, Truglia S, Lococo E, Longo A, Misasi R, Alessandri C, Valesini G, Sorice M
J Immunol Res, 2014-03-17;2014(0):389601.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
Applications: Bioassay -
Universal marker and detection tool for human sarcoma circulating tumor cells.
Authors: Satelli A, Mitra A, Cutrera J, Devarie M, Xia X, Ingram D, Dibra D, Somaiah N, Torres K, Ravi V, Ludwig J, Kleinerman E, Li S
Cancer Res, 2014-01-21;74(6):1645-50.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
Applications: Bioassay -
Vimentin/cardiolipin complex as a new antigenic target of the antiphospholipid syndrome.
Authors: Ortona E, Capozzi A, Colasanti T, Conti F, Alessandri C, Longo A, Garofalo T, Margutti P, Misasi R, Khamashta MA, Hughes GR, Valesini G, Sorice M
Blood, 2010-07-15;116(16):2960-7.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
Applications: Binding Assay
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We are testing this protein as a positive control and it works flawlessly.
Specificity: Specific
Sensitivity: Sensitive
Buffer: Loading buffer
Dilution: 1 ng
