Recombinant Mouse Galectin-4 Protein, CF Summary
Product Specifications
Met1-Ile326
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
2128-GA
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS, EDTA, DTT and Trehalose. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 200 μg/mL in PBS. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Reconstitution Calculator
Background: Galectin-4
Galectins are a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins with specificity for N-acetyl-lactosamine-containing glycoproteins. At least 14 mammalian galectins share structural similarities in their carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD), forming three groups often termed prototype (one CRD), tandem-repeat (two CRDs) and chimeric (one CRD, unique N-terminus) (1, 2). All lack classical signal peptides, but are present and active both within and outside of the cell. Galectins are involved in cell adhesion, migration, survival and apoptosis, and are often up- or down-regulated in cancer (1 - 3). Galectin-4 is a 36 kDa tandem-repeat galectin found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, but also present in well-differentiated breast and liver carcinomas (3, 4). Each CRD binds a different set of carbohydrate groups, including those found on erythrocyte blood group antigens (3, 5). CRD1 also binds cholesterol 3-sulfate and other sulfatides, which are concentrated within lipid raft membrane microdomains (6, 7). Endocytosed Galectin-4 is thought to play a role in forming the rafts, delivering them to the intestinal apical membrane, and stabilizing highly detergent-resistant "superrafts" (7 - 9). Human Galectin-4 shares 76%, 77%, 78% and 80% amino acid (aa) identity with mouse, rat, bovine and porcine Galectin-4, respectively, with the highest identity occurring within the CRDs. A potential splice variant begins at aa 132 and lacks most of the first CRD (10). Galectin-4 expression is concentrated within microvilli in the gastrointestinal epithelium, where it can interact with CD3 and bind activated T cells in the lamina propria during intestinal inflammation (11, 12). Either pro- or anti-inflammatory activity has been shown, depending on the mouse model used. Galectin-4 can also bind lung, spleen and kidney macrophages, although its expression is normally low in these tissues (5).
- Yang, R-Y. et al. (2008) Expert Rev. Mol. Med. 10:e17.
- Elola, M. T. et al. (2007) Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 64:1679.
- Huflejt, M. E. and H. Leffler (2004) Glycoconj. J. 20:247.
- Recreche, H. et al. (1997) Eur. J. Biochem. 248:225.
- Markova, V. et al. (2006) Int. J. Mol. Med. 18:65.
- Ideo, H. et al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:21081.
- Delacour, D. et al. (2005) J. Cell Biol. 169:491.
- Braccia, A. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:15679.
- Stechly, L. et al. (2009) Traffic 10:438.
- Entrez accession # EAW56820.
- Hokama, A. et al. (2004) Immunity 20:681.
- Paclik, D. et al. (2008) PLoS ONE 3:e2629.
Citations for Recombinant Mouse Galectin-4 Protein, CF
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Galectin-4 increases the ability of M2 macrophages to enhance antiviral CD4+ T-cell responses
Authors: IG Lee, YH Joo, H Jeon, R Jeong, EH Kim, H Chung, SI Eyun, J Kim, YJ Seo, SH Hong
Journal of leukocyte biology, 2023-01-10;113(1):71-83.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Galectin-9 controls the therapeutic activity of 4-1BB-targeting antibodies.
Authors: Madireddi S, Eun S, Lee S, Nemcovicova I, Mehta A, Zajonc D, Nishi N, Niki T, Hirashima M, Croft M
J Exp Med, 2014-06-23;211(7):1433-48.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Protein
Applications: Bioassay
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