Human Gas6 Antibody Summary
Asp118-Ala678
Accession # NP_000811
Applications
This antibody functions as an ELISA detection antibody when paired with Mouse Anti-Human Gas6 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB8851), Mouse Anti-Human Gas6 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB8852) or Mouse Anti-Human Gas6 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB8853).
This product is intended for assay development on various assay platforms requiring antibody pairs. We recommend the Human Gas6 DuoSet ELISA Kit (Catalog # DY885B) for convenient development of a sandwich ELISA.
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Scientific Data
Detection of Human Gas6 by Western Blot. Western blot shows lysates of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line, SW480 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, COLO 205 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, and human intestine tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human Gas6 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF885) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF109). Specific bands were detected for Gas6 at approximately 64 and 50 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.
Gas6 in Human Stomach Cancer Tissue. Gas6 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human stomach cancer tissue using 10 µg/mL Goat Anti-Human Gas6 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF885) overnight at 4 °C. Before incubation with the primary antibody tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (Catalog # CTS013). Tissue was stained with the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.
Detection of Human Gas6 by Western Blot Migration of H1299 NSCLC cells enhanced by ligand-dependent Axl activation. (A) Western blotting to assess Gas6 expression in H1299 cells. Expression of Gas6 in LCAFhTERT cells was used as a positive control. (B) Phosphorylation of Axl was analyzed by Western blotting of whole cell lysates using different antibodies. GAPDH was used as an internal control. H1299 cells were stimulated for 15 min with 400 nM recombinant human Gas6 (rGas6). H1299 cells were treated with or without TP-0903 (0.2 µmol/L) for 24 h. (C) Migration of H1299 cells was analyzed using rGas6 (400 nM) added to the lower chamber. H1299 cells were treated with or without TP-0903 (0.2 µmol/L) for 24 h. (D) Western blotting of conditioned medium from LCAFhTERT transfected with siGas6 or siScr (control) to assess whether they contains Gas6 secreted by CAFs. (E) Phosphorylation of Axl in H1299 cells analyzed by Western blotting after stimulation with conditioned medium from siRNA-transfected LCAFhTERT. H1299 cells were treated with or without TP-0903 (0.2 µmol/L) for 24 h. The medium (DMEM containing 10% FBS) was used as control. (F) Migration of H1299 cells analyzed using conditioned medium of siRNA-transfected LCAFhTERT. H1299 cells were treated with or without TP-0903 (0.2 µmol/L) for 24 h. The medium (DMEM containing 10% FBS) was used as control. The relative number of migrated H1299 cells is indicated on the y-axis. Data show the mean ± SEM (n = 3); **p < 0.01. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28878389), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.
Detection of Human Gas6 by Immunohistochemistry Expression of Axl and Gas6 in clinical samples. (A,B) Immunohistochemical analysis of Axl (A) or Gas6 (B) in non-small cell lung cancer tissues from patients who underwent surgery following preoperative chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Insets show higher magnification of the areas indicated in the boxes. Scale bar, 50 μm. (A) Representative images showing tumor Axl-negative tumor tissues (left), and tumor Axl-positive tumor tissues (right). Tissues were stained with an anti-Axl antibody (brown) and counterstained with hematoxylin. (B) Representative images showing stromal Gas6-negative tumor tissues (left) and stromal Gas6-positive tumor tissues (right). Tissues were stained with an anti-Gas6 antibody (brown) and counterstained with hematoxylin. (C) Correlation between tumor Axl expression and stromal Gas6 expression in tumor tissues observed in (A and B). (D) Correlation between tumor Axl, stromal Gas6 expression and survival. Kaplan–Meier plot of disease-free survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent surgery following preoperative chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, stratified according to tumor Axl and stromal Gas6 expression. Five-year disease-free survival in the patients with tumors expressing both tumor Axl and stromal Gas6 (n = 37) was significantly worse than in the both-negative group (n = 12) (21.9% vs 51.3%, p = 0.04). The five-year disease-free survival of tumor Axl-negative and stromal Gas6-positive group was 50.7%, and the difference in survival between this group and both-positive or both-negative group was not significant (p = 0.20 and 0.49, respectively); *p < 0.05. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28878389), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.
Detection of Human Gas6 by Western Blot Migration of H1299 NSCLC cells enhanced by ligand-dependent Axl activation. (A) Western blotting to assess Gas6 expression in H1299 cells. Expression of Gas6 in LCAFhTERT cells was used as a positive control. (B) Phosphorylation of Axl was analyzed by Western blotting of whole cell lysates using different antibodies. GAPDH was used as an internal control. H1299 cells were stimulated for 15 min with 400 nM recombinant human Gas6 (rGas6). H1299 cells were treated with or without TP-0903 (0.2 µmol/L) for 24 h. (C) Migration of H1299 cells was analyzed using rGas6 (400 nM) added to the lower chamber. H1299 cells were treated with or without TP-0903 (0.2 µmol/L) for 24 h. (D) Western blotting of conditioned medium from LCAFhTERT transfected with siGas6 or siScr (control) to assess whether they contains Gas6 secreted by CAFs. (E) Phosphorylation of Axl in H1299 cells analyzed by Western blotting after stimulation with conditioned medium from siRNA-transfected LCAFhTERT. H1299 cells were treated with or without TP-0903 (0.2 µmol/L) for 24 h. The medium (DMEM containing 10% FBS) was used as control. (F) Migration of H1299 cells analyzed using conditioned medium of siRNA-transfected LCAFhTERT. H1299 cells were treated with or without TP-0903 (0.2 µmol/L) for 24 h. The medium (DMEM containing 10% FBS) was used as control. The relative number of migrated H1299 cells is indicated on the y-axis. Data show the mean ± SEM (n = 3); **p < 0.01. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28878389), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.
Reconstitution Calculator
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: Gas6
Gas6 (Growth Arrest Specific 6) is a multimodular protein that is upregulated by a wide variety of cell types in response to growth arrest (1). Gas6 and the structurally related Protein S are vitamin K-dependent and have an extensively gamma -carboxylated N-terminal Gla domain, four EGF-like repeats, and a C-terminal region with homology to steroid hormone binding globulin (SHBG) (2). Human Gas6 is a 75 kDa protein that shares 77-79% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse and rat Gas6 and 43% aa sequence identity with human protein S (over the region expressed). Alternate splicing generates isoforms that lack the Gla domain and/or the spacer between the EGF-like and SHBG regions. Gas6 binds and induces signaling through the receptor tyrosine kinases Axl, Dtk, and Mer (3-5). Human Gas6 interacts with both mouse and rat orthologs of these receptors (1). The full length isoform may be cleaved, resulting in release of the free SHBG region which can independently activate Axl (6). Shed soluble forms of Axl and Mer bind Gas6 and function as decoy receptors (7, 8). Gas6 induces a variety of responses, including prevention of apoptosis (9), cell proliferation (10), platelet-mediated thrombosis (11), retinal epithelial cell phagocytosis of outer rod segments (12), inhibition of VEGF‑induced endothelial cell chemotaxis (13), and the differentiation and expansion of NK cell precursors (14). The affinity of Gas6 for phosphatidylserine likely contributes to its role in promoting the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (15). Several of these effects have been shown to require gamma -carboxylation of the Gla domain (12, 16).
- Hafizi, S. and B. Dahlback (2006) FEBS J. 273:5231.
- Manfioletti, G. et al. (1993) Mol. Cell Biol. 13:4976.
- Stitt, T.N. et al. (1995) Cell 80:661.
- Ohashi, K. et al. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270:22681.
- Nagata, K. et al. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271:30022.
- Goruppi, S. et al. (1997) FEBS Lett. 415:59.
- Sather, S. et al. (2007) Blood 109:1026.
- Budagian, V. et al. (2005) Mol. Cell. Biol. 25:9324.
- Shankar, S.L. et al. (2006) J. Neurosci. 26:5638.
- Yanagita, M. et al. (2002) J. Clin. Invest. 110:239.
- Gould, W.R. et al. (2005) J. Thromb. Haemost. 3:733.
- Hall, M.O. et al. (2002) Exp. Eye Res. 75:391.
- Gallicchio, M. et al. (2005) Blood 105:1970.
- Caraux, A. et al. (2006) Nat. Immunol. 7:747.
- Wu, Y. et al. (2005) J. Cell Sci. 118:539.
- Hasanbasic, I. et al. (2005) J. Thromb. Haemost. 3:2790.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human Gas6 Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Growth Arrest-Specific 6 in Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Marie Mikuteit, Stefanie Zschäbitz, Maximilian Erlmeier, Michael Autenrieth, Wilko Weichert, Arndt Hartmann et al.
Oncology
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Proseek single-plex protein assay kit system to detect sAxl and Gas6 in serological material of brain tumor patients
Authors: Heidi Jaksch-Bogensperger, Anna Hammerschmid, Ludwig Aigner, Eugen Trinka, Renate Gehwolf, Yvonne Ebner et al.
Biotechnology Reports
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Hypoxia Stabilizes GAS6/Axl Signaling in Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Anjali Mishra, Jingcheng Wang, Yusuke Shiozawa, Samantha McGee, Jinkoo Kim, Younghun Jung et al.
Molecular Cancer Research
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Endogenous GAS6 and Mer receptor signaling regulate prostate cancer stem cells in bone marrow.
Authors: Jung Y, Decker AM, Wang J et al.
Oncotarget
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AXL is an oncotarget in human colorectal cancer
Authors: Erika Martinelli, Giulia Martini, Claudia Cardone, Teresa Troiani, Giuseppina Liguori, Donata Vitagliano et al.
Oncotarget
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Alcohol and HIV-Derived Hepatocyte Apoptotic Bodies Induce Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation
Authors: M New-Aaron, RS Dagur, SS Koganti, M Ganesan, W Wang, E Makarov, M Ogunnaike, KK Kharbanda, LY Poluektova, NA Osna
Biology, 2022-07-14;11(7):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: ICC -
Role of Gas6 and TAM Receptors in the Identification of Cardiopulmonary Involvement in Systemic Sclerosis and Scleroderma Spectrum Disorders
Authors: M Bellan, A Dimagli, C Piccinino, A Giubertoni, A Ianniello, F Grimoldi, M Sguazzotti, A Nerviani, M Barini, A Carriero, C Smirne, ME Burlone, C Rigamonti, R Minisini, L Salmi, MN Barbaglia, LM Castello, D Sola, P Marino, GC Avanzi, M Pirisi, PP Sainaghi
Dis. Markers, 2020-05-12;2020(0):2696173.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
Applications: ELISA (detection) -
Targeting Tyro3 ameliorates a model of PGRN-mutant FTLD-TDP via tau-mediated synaptic pathology
Authors: K Fujita, X Chen, H Homma, K Tagawa, M Amano, A Saito, S Imoto, H Akatsu, Y Hashizume, K Kaibuchi, S Miyano, H Okazawa
Nat Commun, 2018-01-30;9(1):433.
Applications: Binding Assay -
Gas6 derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes migration of Axl-expressing lung cancer cells during chemotherapy
Authors: R Kanzaki, H Naito, K Kise, K Takara, D Eino, M Minami, Y Shintani, S Funaki, T Kawamura, T Kimura, M Okumura, N Takakura
Sci Rep, 2017-09-06;7(1):10613.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates, Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC, Western Blot -
Sympathetic signaling reactivates quiescent�disseminated prostate cancer cells in the bone marrow
Authors: A Decker, Y Jung, FC Cackowski, K Yumoto, J Wang, RS Taichman
Mol. Cancer Res., 2017-08-16;0(0):.
Species: Human, Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: ICC -
AXL-GAS6 expression can predict for adverse prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases
Authors: X Wu, W Ma, Q Zhou, H Yan, ZF Lim, M Huang, C Deng, X Yu, H Su, S Komo, H Yang, X Zhang, S Wen, Z Zhang, PC Ma
J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 2017-05-27;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC -
Identification of Axl as a downstream effector of TGF-beta1 during Langerhans cell differentiation and epidermal homeostasis.
J. Exp. Med., 2012-10-15;209(11):2033-47.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
Expansion of necrotic core and shedding of Mertk receptor in human carotid plaques: a role for oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids?
Cardiovasc Res, 2012-09-20;97(1):125-33.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
Applications: Western Blot -
Efficient clearance of early apoptotic cells by human macrophages requires M2c polarization and MerTK induction.
Authors: Zizzo G, Hilliard B, Monestier M, Cohen P
J Immunol, 2012-08-31;189(7):3508-20.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
Applications: ELISA Development -
Increased secretion of Gas6 by smooth muscle cells in human atherosclerotic carotid plaques.
Authors: Clauser S, Meilhac O, Bieche I, Raynal P, Bruneval P, Michel JB, Borgel D
Thromb. Haemost., 2011-11-10;107(1):140-9.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells, Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-P, Neutralization -
Expression of the vitamin K-dependent proteins GAS6 and protein S and the TAM receptor tyrosine kinases in human atherosclerotic carotid plaques.
Authors: Hurtado B, Munoz X, Recarte-Pelz P, Garcia N, Luque A, Krupinski J, Sala N, Garcia de Frutos P
Thromb. Haemost., 2011-03-08;105(5):873-82.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
Applications: Western Blot -
Plasma protein growth arrest-specific 6 levels are associated with altered glucose tolerance, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction.
Authors: Hung YJ, Lee CH, Chu NF
Diabetes Care, 2010-05-26;33(8):1840-4.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
Applications: ELISA Development -
GAS6/Mer axis regulates the homing and survival of the E2A/PBX1-positive B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the bone marrow niche.
Authors: Shiozawa Y, Pedersen EA, Taichman RS
Exp. Hematol., 2009-11-14;38(2):132-40.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: ICC -
Up-regulation of soluble Axl and Mer receptor tyrosine kinases negatively correlates with Gas6 in established multiple sclerosis lesions.
Authors: Weinger JG, Omari KM, Marsden K, Raine CS, Shafit-Zagardo B
Am. J. Pathol., 2009-06-18;175(1):283-93.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-Fr -
Gas6 evaluation in patients with acute dyspnea due to suspected pulmonary embolism.
Authors: Sainaghi PP, Alciato F, Carnieletto S, Castello L, Bergamasco L, Sola D, Bongo AS, Inglese E, Polosa R, Avanzi GC
Respir Med, 2008-11-25;103(4):589-94.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
Applications: ELISA Development -
Blockade of Stromal Gas6 Alters Cancer Cell Plasticity, Activates NK Cells, and Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Lucy Ireland, Teifion Luckett, Michael C. Schmid, Ainhoa Mielgo
Frontiers in Immunology
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Inhibition of type I interferon responses by adenovirus serotype-dependent Gas6 binding
Authors: Natalie F. Nidetz, Tom M. Gallagher, Christopher M. Wiethoff
Virology
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Growth Arrest-Specific 6 (GAS6) Promotes Prostate Cancer Survival by G1 Arrest/S Phase Delay and Inhibition of Apoptotic Pathway During Chemotherapy in Bone Marrow
Authors: Eunsohl Lee, Ann M. Decker, Frank C. Cackowski, Lulia A. Kana, Kenji Yumoto, Younghun Jung et al.
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
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Higher Expression of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Axl, and Differential Expression of its Ligand, Gas6, Predict Poor Survival in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients
Authors: Masashi Ishikawa, Makoto Sonobe, Ei Nakayama, Masashi Kobayashi, Ryutaro Kikuchi, Jiro Kitamura et al.
Annals of Surgical Oncology
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Inhibition of AXL and VEGF-A Has Improved Therapeutic Efficacy in Uterine Serous Cancer
Authors: Michael D. Toboni, Elena Lomonosova, Shaina F. Bruce, Jo’an I. Tankou, Mary M. Mullen, Angela Schab et al.
Cancers (Basel)
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Plasma concentrations predict aortic expression of growth-arrest-specific protein 6 in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
Authors: Lee, Chien-Hs, Shieh, Yi-Shing, Tsai, Chien-Su, Hung, Yi-Jen, Tsai, Yi-Ting, Lin, Chih-Yua
PLoS ONE, 2013-11-13;8(11):e79452.
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Growth Arrest-Specific 6 Protein in Patients with Sjögren Syndrome: Determination of the Plasma Level and Expression in the Labial Salivary Gland
Authors: Chen-Hung Chen, Hsiang-Cheng Chen, Chi-Ching Chang, Yi-Jen Peng, Chien-Hsing Lee, Yi-Shing Shieh et al.
PLOS ONE
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Expression and role of TYRO3 and AXL as potential therapeutical targets in leiomyosarcoma
Authors: C Dantas-Bar, T Lesluyes, FL Loarer, F Chibon, I Treilleux, JM Coindre, P Meeus, M Brahmi, O Bally, I Ray-Coquar, MP Sunyach, AL Cesne, O Mir, S Bonvalot, M Toulmonde, A Italiano, P Saintigny, M Jean-Denis, F Ducimetier, D Ranchere, H El Sayadi, L Alberti, JY Blay
Br. J. Cancer, 2017-10-12;117(12):1787-1797.
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