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Human GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 Antibody

Catalog #: MAB6941
6 Citations Datasheet / COA / SDS
Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
MAB6941
MAB6941-SP
Product Details
Citations (6)
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Summary Preparation and Storage Reconstitution Calculator Background Product Datasheets Related Research Areas

Human GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity
Human
Specificity
Detects human GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 in direct ELISAs.
Source
Monoclonal Mouse IgG1 Clone # 109101
Purification
Protein A or G purified from ascites
Immunogen
S. frugiperda insect ovarian cell line Sf 21-derived recombinant human GITR Ligand/TNFSF18
Glu52-Ser177
Accession # Q9UNG2
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Applications

Recommended Concentration
Sample
Flow Cytometry
2.5 µg/106 cells
HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Blockade of Receptor-ligand Interaction
In a functional ELISA, 0.02-0.06 µg/mL of this antibody will block 50% of the binding of 10 ng/mL of biotinylated Recombinant Human GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 to immobilized Recombinant Human GITR/TNFRSF18 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 689-GR) coated at 2 µg/mL (100 µL/well). At 0.3 μg/mL, this antibody will block >90% of the binding.
 
CyTOF-ready
Ready to be labeled using established conjugation methods. No BSA or other carrier proteins that could interfere with conjugation.
 

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Reconstitution Calculator

Reconstitution Calculator

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution
Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.
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Shipping
Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: GITR Ligand/TNFSF18

GITR (glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor superfamily-related protein, also named AITR, activation-inducible TNF receptor superfamily-related protein) and GITR ligand (GITRL) are novel members of the TNF receptor (TNFR) and TNF superfamilies (SF) that have been designated TNFRSF18 and TNFSF18, respectively. Human GITRL cDNA encodes a 177 amino acid residues type II membrane protein. The carboxy-terminal extracellular domain shows sequence identity to TNF/TNFSF2 (21%), Fas ligand/TNFSF6 (21%), TRAIL/TNFSF10 (18%), and lymphotoxin alpha /TNFSF1 (18%). GITRL is constitutively expressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells but is not expressed in resting or stimulated T cell lines, B cell lines or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. GITR, the receptor for GITRL, is expressed at low levels in peripheral blood T cells, bone marrow, thymus, spleen and lymph nodes. In contrast to mouse GITR, expression of human GITR is not induced by treatment with dexamethasone, but is up-regulated by antigen-receptor stimulation or by treatment with soluble anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 or PMA plus ionomycin. Ligation of GITR has been found to induce nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B activation via TNF receptor-associated factor 2 and protect cells from TCR activation-induced cell death. It has been proposed that GITRL and GITR may modulate T lymphocyte functions in peripheral tissues.

References
  1. Nocentini, G. et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:6216.
  2. Kwon, B. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:6056.
  3. Gurney, A.L. et al. (1999) Current Biology 9:215.
  4. Kwon, B. et al. (1999) Current Opinion in Immunology 11:340.
Long Name
Glucocorticoid Induced TNF Receptor Family Related Gene Ligand
Entrez Gene IDs
8995 (Human); 240873 (Mouse); 364031 (Rat)
Alternate Names
Activation-inducible TNF-related ligand; AITRL; AITRLMGC138237; GITR Ligand; GITRL; GITRLglucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein ligand; Glucocorticoid-induced TNF-related ligand; hGITRLGITR ligand; TL6AITR ligand; TNFSF18; tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 18; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 18

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Citations for Human GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 Antibody

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

6 Citations: Showing 1 - 6
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  1. Generation and preclinical characterization of a Fc-optimized GITR-Ig fusion protein for induction of NK cell reactivity against leukemia.
    Authors: Schmiedel, Benjamin, Werner, Antje, Steinbacher, Julia, Nuebling, Tina, Buechele, Corina, Grosse-Hovest, Ludger, Salih, Helmut R
    Mol Ther, 2013-02-05;21(4):877-86.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  2. Neutralization of tumor-derived soluble glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein ligand increases NK cell anti-tumor reactivity.
    Authors: Baltz KM, Krusch M, Baessler T, Schmiedel BJ, Bringmann A, Brossart P, Salih HR
    Blood, 2008-08-08;112(9):3735-43.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates, Whole Cells
    Applications: ELISA Development, Flow Cytometry
  3. Cancer immunoediting by GITR (glucocorticoid-induced TNF-related protein) ligand in humans: NK cell/tumor cell interactions.
    Authors: Baltz KM, Krusch M, Bringmann A, Brossart P, Mayer F, Kloss M, Baessler T, Kumbier I, Peterfi A, Kupka S, Kroeber S, Menzel D, Radsak MP, Rammensee HG, Salih HR
    FASEB J., 2007-03-14;21(10):2442-54.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Flow Cytometry
  4. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B inhibits regulatory T cells by inducing glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor-related protein ligand on monocytes.
    Authors: Cardona ID, Goleva E, Ou LS, Leung DY
    J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2006-01-27;117(3):688-95.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  5. Human plasmacytoid predendritic cells activate NK cells through glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-ligand (GITRL).
    Authors: Hanabuchi S, Watanabe N, Wang YH, Ito T, Shaw J, Cao W, Qin FX, Liu YJ
    Blood, 2006-01-05;107(9):3617-23.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Flow Cytometry
  6. Cord blood CD4(+)CD25(+)-derived T regulatory cell lines express FoxP3 protein and manifest potent suppressor function.
    Authors: Godfrey WR, Spoden DJ, Ge YG, Baker SR, Liu B, Levine BL, June CH, Blazar BR, Porter SB
    Blood, 2004-09-16;105(2):750-8.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
    Applications: Neutralization

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