Human IL-15 Fluorescein-conjugated Antibody Summary
Asn49-Ser162
Accession # P40933
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Scientific Data
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Detection of IL‑15 in Human PBMCs by Flow Cytometry. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with LPS were stained with Mouse Anti-Human IL-15 Fluorescein-conjugated Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # IC2471F, filled histogram) or isotype control antibody (Catalog # IC002F, open histogram). To facilitate intracellular staining, cells were fixed with Flow Cytometry Fixation Buffer (Catalog # FC004) and permeabilized with Flow Cytometry Permeabilization/Wash Buffer I (Catalog # FC005). View our protocol for Staining Intracellular Molecules.
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Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied.
Background: IL-15
Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is a widely expressed 14 kDa cytokine that is structurally and functionally related to IL-2 (1‑3). Mature human IL‑15 shares 70% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat IL-15. Alternate splicing generates isoforms of IL-15 with either a long or short signal peptide (LSP or SSP), and the SSP isoform is retained intracellularly (4). IL-15 binds with high affinity to IL-15 R alpha (5). It binds with lower affinity to a complex of IL-2 R beta and the common gamma chain ( gamma c) which are also subunits of the IL-2 receptor complex (1, 6). IL-15 associates with IL-15 R alpha in the endoplasmic reticulum, and this complex is expressed on the cell surface (7, 8). The dominant mechanism of IL-15 action is known as transpresentation in which IL-15 and IL-15 R alpha are coordinately expressed on the surface of one cell and interact with complexes of IL-2 R beta / gamma c on adjacent cells (9). This enables cells to respond to IL-15 even if they do not express IL-15 R alpha (8, 10). Soluble IL-15-binding forms of IL-15 R alpha can be generated by proteolytic shedding or alternate splicing (11‑13). These molecules retain the ability to bind tightly to IL-15 and can either inhibit or augment IL-15 function (5, 12, 13). Consistent with its shared use of IL-2 receptor subunits, IL-15 induces IL-2-like effects in lymphocyte development and homeostasis (3). It is particularly important for the maintenance and activation of NK cells and CD8+ memory T cells (3). IL-15 also exerts pleiotropic effects on other hematopoietic cells and non-immune cells (2). Ligation of membrane-associated IL-15/IL-15 R alpha complexes induces reverse signaling that promotes cellular adhesion, tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular proteins, and cytokine secretion by the IL-15/IL-15 R alpha expressing cells (14, 15).
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- Budagian, V. et al. (2006) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 17:259.
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- Duitman, E.H. et al. (2008) Mol. Cell. Biol. 28:4851.
- Dubois, S. et al. (2002) Immunity 17:537.
- Stonier, S.W. and K.S. Schluns (2010) Immunol. Lett. 127:85.
- Burkett, P.R. et al. (2004) J. Exp. Med. 200:825.
- Budagian, V. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:40368.
- Mortier, E. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 173:1681.
- Bulanova, E. et al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:13167.
- Budagian, V. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:42192.
- Neely, G.G. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 172:4225.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human IL-15 Fluorescein-conjugated Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 5
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Scalable, cGMP-compatible purification of extracellular vesicles carrying bioactive human heterodimeric IL-15/lactadherin complexes
Authors: DC Watson, BC Yung, C Bergamasch, B Chowdhury, J Bear, D Stellas, A Morales-Ka, JC Jones, BK Felber, X Chen, GN Pavlakis
J Extracell Vesicles, 2018-02-28;7(1):1442088.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Beads
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of NK Cells in Human Immune Response against the Dimorphic Fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.
Authors: Longhi LN, da Silva RM, Fornazim MC, Spago MC, de Oliveira RT, Nowill AE, Blotta MH, Mamoni RL
J. Immunol., 2012-06-20;189(2):935-45.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Herpes simplex virus-1 up-regulates IL-15 gene expression in monocytic cells through the activation of protein tyrosine kinase and PKC zeta/lambda signaling pathways.
Authors: Ahmad R, Ennaciri J, Cordeiro P, El Bassam S, Menezes J
J. Mol. Biol., 2006-12-28;367(1):25-35.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Distinct roles of IL-12 and IL-15 in human natural killer cell activation by dendritic cells from secondary lymphoid organs.
Authors: Ferlazzo G, Pack M, Thomas D, Paludan C, Schmid D, Strowig T, Bougras G, Muller WA, Moretta L, Munz C
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2004-11-09;101(47):16606-11.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
IL-15 and the initiation of cell contact-dependent synovial fibroblast-T lymphocyte cross-talk in rheumatoid arthritis: effect of methotrexate.
Authors: Miranda-Carus ME, Balsa A, Benito-Miguel M, Perez de Ayala C, Martin-Mola E
J. Immunol., 2004-07-15;173(2):1463-76.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry
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