Human IL-4 ELISpot Kit Summary
* Provided that the recommended microplates, buffers, diluents, substrates and solutions are used, and the assay is run as summarized in the Assay Procedure provided.
PRODUCT SUMMARY
ELISpot kits are highly sensitive, microplate-based assays for the detection of cytokine secreting cells. This kit is designed for the detection and enumeration of human IL-4. Complete ELISpot kits are ready-to-run and require no assay development or refinement.
This ELISpot assay employs a capture antibody specific for human IL-4, pre-coated onto a PVDF-backed microplate. Appropriately stimulated cells are pipetted directly into the wells and the immobilized antibody in the immediate vicinity of the secreting cells binds secreted human IL-4. Following wash steps and incubation with a biotinylated detection antibody, alkaline-phosphatase conjugated to streptavidin is added. Unbound enzyme is subsequently removed by washing and a substrate solution (BCIP/NBT) is added. A blue-black colored precipitate forms at the sites of cytokine localization and appears as spots, with each individual spot representing an individual human IL-4 secreting cell. The spots can be counted with an automated ELISpot reader system or manually using a stereomicroscope.
PRODUCT FEATURES
- Detect and quantitate individual cells secreting human IL-4
- High sensitivity - ELISpot assays can measure responses with frequencies well below 1 in 100,000 cells
- No in vitro expansion of cells required
- High-throughput - ELISpot assays use only a small number of primary cells
KIT CONTENTS
- Human IL-4 Microplate
- Biotinylated Detection Antibody
- Streptavidin conjugated to Alkaline Phosphatase
- Dilution Buffers
- Wash Buffer Concentrate
- BCIP/NBT Chromogen
- Human IL-4 Positive Control
OTHER REAGENTS REQUIRED
- Pipettes and pipette tips
- Deionized or distilled water
- Squirt bottle, manifold dispenser, or automated microplate washer
- 500 mL graduated cylinder
- 37 °C CO2 incubator
- Sterile culture media
- Dissection microscope or an automated ELISpot reader
Product Datasheets
Preparation and Storage
Background: IL-4
IL-4 (Interleukin-4) is a cytokine that is primarily expressed by Th2-biased CD4+ T cells, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils. It promotes cell proliferation, survival, and immunoglobulin class switch to IgG4 and IgE in human B cells, acquisition of the Th2 phenotype by naïve CD4+ T cells, priming and chemotaxis of mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils, and the proliferation and activation of epithelial cells. IL-4 plays a dominant role in the development of allergic inflammation and asthma. The type I receptor for IL-4, which is expressed on hematopoietic cells, is a heterodimer of the ligand binding IL-4 R? and the common ? chain (a shared subunit of the receptors for IL-2, -7, -9, -15, and -21). The type II receptor on nonhematopoietic cells consists of IL-4 R? and IL-13 R?1. The type II receptor also transduces IL-13 mediated signals.
Citations for Human IL-4 ELISpot Kit
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 6
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Anti-Tat immunity defines CD4+ T-cell dynamics in people living with HIV on long-term cART
Authors: A Tripiciano, O Picconi, S Moretti, C Sgadari, A Cafaro, V Francavill, A Arancio, G Paniccia, M Campagna, MR Pavone-Cos, L Sighinolfi, A Latini, VS Mercurio, MD Pietro, F Castelli, A Saracino, C Mussini, GD Perri, M Galli, S Nozza, F Ensoli, P Monini, B Ensoli
EBioMedicine, 2021-04-07;0(0):103306.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
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Helminth antigens modulate immune responses in cells from multiple sclerosis patients through TLR2-dependent mechanisms.
Authors: Correale J, Farez M
J. Immunol., 2009-10-07;183(9):5999-6012.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
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Phase I therapeutic trial of the HIV-1 Tat protein and long term follow-up.
Authors: Longo O, Tripiciano A, Fiorelli V, Bellino S, Scoglio A, Collacchi B, Alvarez MJ, Francavilla V, Arancio A, Paniccia G, Lazzarin A, Tambussi G, Din CT, Visintini R, Narciso P, Antinori A, D'Offizi G, Giulianelli M, Carta M, Di Carlo A, Palamara G, Giuliani M, Laguardia ME, Monini P, Magnani M, Ensoli F, Ensoli B
Vaccine, 2009-02-07;27(25):3306-12.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
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Human bronchial intraepithelial T cells produce interferon-gamma and stimulate epithelial cells.
Authors: Hirosako S, Goto E, Fujii K, Tsumori K, Hirata N, Tsumura S, Kamohara H, Kohrogi H
Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2008-11-26;155(2):266-74.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
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The Toll-like receptor-2/6 agonist macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 cooperates with IFN-gamma to reverse the Th2 skew in an in vitro allergy model.
Authors: Weigt H, Muhlradt PF, Larbig M, Krug N, Braun A
J. Immunol., 2004-05-15;172(10):6080-6.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
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A multidonor ELISPOT study of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha release by cryopreserved human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Authors: Bailey T, Stark S, Grant A, Hartnett C, Tsang M, Kalyuzhny A
J. Immunol. Methods, 2002-12-15;270(2):171-82.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
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