Human ULBP-4/RAET1E Alexa Fluor® 750-conjugated Antibody

Applications

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Preparation and Storage

Background: ULBP-4/RAET1E

ULBP-4 (cytomegalovirus glycoprotein UL16 binding protein 4), also called RAET1E (retinoic acid early transcript 1E), Letal (lymphocyte effector cell toxicity activating ligand) and NKG2DL4 (NKG2D ligand 4), is a 40-50 kDa member of the ULBP/RAET1 family of cell surface proteins that function as ligands for NKG2D (1‑6). While most family members are GPI-anchored, only ULBP-4/RAET1E and ULBP-5/RAET1G express a transmembrane form (1, 4, 6, 7). Human ULBP-4 mRNA encodes 263 amino acids (aa) including a 30 aa signal sequence, a 195 aa extracellular domain (ECD), a 23 aa transmembrane domain, and a 15 aa cytoplasmic sequence. A soluble 35 kDa form diverges at aa 208 and is thought to antagonize the transmembrane form (5). Other potential splice variants of 220, 227 and 280 aa are transmembrane proteins (8). Within the ECD, ULBP-4 shares 34-41% aa sequence identity with family members (1, 7). Rodent NKG2D ligands Rae-1 alpha -epsilon are, like human ULBP and MIB proteins, distantly related to MHC class I proteins, but none of the families share significant sequence identity (2, 4). Low expression of ULBP‑4 mRNA is found in normal tissues, with high expression variably reported in the small intestine (3) and skin (4). Expression is stimulated by TNF-alpha and down‑regulated by retinoic acid (3). ULBP-4 is abnormally expressed on most colon cancer and some other tumor cell lines and virus-infected peripheral blood cells (3, 6). ULBP-4 binds and costimulates NKG2D-expressing effector cells including NK cells, NKT cells, gamma δ T cells, and CD8⁺ alpha beta T cells, activating cytolytic activity and/or cytokine production (3, 4, 7). In some gamma δ T cells, direct ULBP-4 binding to both TCR gamma δ and NKG2D has been demonstrated (6). ULBP-4 is also thought to function as a minor histocompatibility antigen in humans (1).

Product Datasheets

Product Specific Notices

This product is provided under an agreement between Life Technologies Corporation and R&D Systems, Inc, and the manufacture, use, sale or import of this product is subject to one or more US patents and corresponding non-US equivalents, owned by Life Technologies Corporation and its affiliates. The purchase of this product conveys to the buyer the non-transferable right to use the purchased amount of the product and components of the product only in research conducted by the buyer (whether the buyer is an academic or for-profit entity). The sale of this product is expressly conditioned on the buyer not using the product or its components (1) in manufacturing; (2) to provide a service, information, or data to an unaffiliated third party for payment; (3) for therapeutic, diagnostic or prophylactic purposes; (4) to resell, sell, or otherwise transfer this product or its components to any third party, or for any other commercial purpose. Life Technologies Corporation will not assert a claim against the buyer of the infringement of the above patents based on the manufacture, use or sale of a commercial product developed in research by the buyer in which this product or its components was employed, provided that neither this product nor any of its components was used in the manufacture of such product. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than research, contact Life Technologies Corporation, Cell Analysis Business Unit, Business Development, 29851 Willow Creek Road, Eugene, OR 97402, Tel: (541) 465-8300. Fax: (541) 335-0354.

Related Research Areas

• NKG2D Receptors and Ligands