Human VEGF-D Biotinylated Antibody Summary
Phe93-Ser201
Accession # O43915
Applications
Human VEGF-D Sandwich Immunoassay
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: VEGF-D
Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D), also known as c-fos-induced growth factor (FIGF), is a secreted glycoprotein of the VEGF/PDGF family. VEGFs regulate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis during development and tumor growth, and are characterized by eight conserved cysteine residues that form a cystine knot structure (1 - 3). VEGF-C and VEGF-D, which share 23% amino acid (aa) sequence identity, are uniquely expressed as preproproteins that contain long N- and C‑terminal propeptide extensions around the VEGF homology domain (VHD) (1, 2). Proteolytic processing of the 354 aa VEGF-D preproprotein creates a secreted proprotein. Further processing by extracellular serine proteases, such as plasmin or furin-like proprotein convertases, forms mature VEGF-D consisting of non-covalently linked 42 kDa homodimers of the 117 aa VHD (4 - 6). Mature human VEGF-D shares 94%, 95%, 99%, 97% and 93% aa identity with mouse, rat, equine, canine and bovine VEGF-D, respectively (4, 5). It is expressed in adult lung, heart, muscle, and small intestine, and is most abundantly expressed in fetal lungs and skin (1 - 4). Mouse and human VEGF-D are ligands for VEGF Receptor 3 (VEGF R3, also called Flt-4) that are active across species and show enhanced affinity when processed (7). Processed human VEGF-D is also a ligand for VEGF R2, also called Flk-1 or KDR (7). VEGF R3 is strongly expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells and is essential for regulation of the growth and differentiation of lymphatic endothelium (1, 2). While VEGF-C is the critical ligand for VEGF R3 during embryonic lymphatic development, VEGF-D is most active in neonatal lymphatic maturation and bone growth (8 - 10). Both promote tumor lymphangiogenesis (11). Consonant with their activity on VEGF receptors, binding of VEGF-C and VEGF-D to neuropilins contributes to VEGF R3 signaling in lymphangiogenesis, while binding to integrin alpha 9 beta 1 mediates endothelial cell adhesion and migration (12, 13).
- Roy, H. et al. (2006) FEBS Lett. 580:2879.
- Otrock, Z.H. et al. (2007) Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 38:258.
- Yamada, Y. et al. (1997) Genomics 42:483.
- Stacker, S.A. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:32127.
- McColl, B.K. et al. (2003) J. Exp. Med. 198:863.
- McColl, B.K. et al. (2007) FASEB J. 21:1088.
- Baldwin, M.E. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:19166.
- Baldwin, M.E. et al. (2005) Mol. Cell. Biol. 25:2441.
- Karpanen, T. et al. (2006) Am. J. Pathol. 169:708.
- Orlandini, M. et al. (2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281:17961.
- Stacker, S.A. et al. (2001) Nature Med. 7:186.
- Karpanen, T. et al. (2006) FASEB J. 20:1462.
- Vlahakis, N.E. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:4544.
Product Datasheets
FAQs
No product specific FAQs exist for this product, however you may
View all Antibody FAQsIsotype Controls
Reconstitution Buffers
Staining Reagents
Supplemental Cell Selection Products
Supplemental ELISA Products
Reviews for Human VEGF-D Biotinylated Antibody
There are currently no reviews for this product. Be the first to review Human VEGF-D Biotinylated Antibody and earn rewards!
Have you used Human VEGF-D Biotinylated Antibody?
Submit a review and receive an Amazon gift card.
$25/€18/£15/$25CAN/¥75 Yuan/¥2500 Yen for a review with an image
$10/€7/£6/$10 CAD/¥70 Yuan/¥1110 Yen for a review without an image