Mouse Dkk-2 Biotinylated Antibody

Catalog #: BAF2435 Datasheet / COA / SDS

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BAF2435

All Dkk-2 Antibodies

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Mouse Dkk-2 Biotinylated Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity

Mouse

Specificity

Detects mouse Dkk-2 in Western blots. In Western blots, less than 1% cross‑reactivity with recombinant mouse Dkk-1 and recombinant human Dkk-4 is observed.

Source

Polyclonal Goat IgG

Purification

Antigen Affinity-purified

Immunogen

Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant mouse Dkk-2
Ser26-Ile259
Accession # Q9QYZ8

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.

Label

Biotin

Applications

Recommended Concentration

Sample

Western Blot

0.1 µg/mL

Recombinant Mouse Dkk‑2 (Catalog # 2435-DK)

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Reconstitution Calculator

Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution

Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Shipping

The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: Dkk-2

Dickkopf related protein 2 (Dkk-2) is a member of the Dickkopf family of secreted Wnt modulators (1-3). Dkk proteins contain a signal peptide and two conserved cysteine-rich domains that are separated by a linker region. The second cysteine-rich domain, which shows a configuration of cysteines conserved in prokineticin and colipase families, mediates Dkk-2 binding activities (2-4). The 226 amino acid (aa), ~35 kDa mature mouse Dkk-2 shares 41% and 34% aa identity with mouse Dkk-1 and Dkk-4, respectively. It also shares 99%, 96%, 96%, 96% and 94% aa identity with rat, human, canine, equine and bovine Dkk-2, respectively, and can activate the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in Xenopus embryos (5). Dkk proteins modify Wnt engagement of a receptor complex composed of a Frizzled protein and a low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, either LRP5 or LRP6 (3). When LRP6 is overexpressed, direct high-affinity binding of Dkk-2 to LRP can enhance canonical Wnt signaling (6-8). However, when Dkk-2 and LRP6 form a ternary complex with Kremen2, Wnt signaling is inhibited due to internalization of Dkk-2/LRP6/Krm2 complexes (9, 10). Thus, depending on the cellular context, Dkk-2 can either activate or inhibit canonical Wnt signaling (3). In contrast, binding of Dkk-1 or Dkk-4 to LRP is consistently antagonistic (3). Dkk proteins are expressed in mesenchymal tissues and control epithelial transformations. Dkk-2 expression has been studied most in bone and eye. Mouse Dkk-1 or Dkk-2 deficiencies have opposite effects on bone homeostasis, despite downregulating Wnt antagonism in both cases (11, 12). Dkk-2 expression is induced by Wnts in bone, and is thought to enhance bone density by promoting terminal differentiation of osteoblasts and mineral deposition (11). In contrast, Dkk-1 negatively regulates late osteoblast proliferation, which limits bone density (12). Dkk-2-deficient mice are blind due to faulty differentiation of corneal epithelium (13).

References

Monaghan, A.P. et al. (1999) Mech. Dev. 87:45.
Krupnik, V.E. et al. (1999) Gene 238:301.
Niehrs, C. (2006) Oncogene 25:7469.
Bullock, C.M. et al. (2004) Mol. Pharmacol. 65:582.
Wu, W. et al. (2000) Current Biol. 10:1611.
Mao, B. et al. (2001) Nature 411:321.
Li, L. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:5977.
Brott, B. and S.Y. Sokol (2002) Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:6100.
Mao, B. et al. (2002) Nature 417:664.
Mao, B. and C. Niehrs (2003) Gene 302:179.
Li, X. et al. (2005) Nat. Genet. 37:945.
Morvan, F. et al. (2006) J. Bone Miner. Res. 21:934.
Mukhopadhyay, M. et al. (2006) Development 133:2149.

Long Name

Dickkopf-2

Entrez Gene IDs

27123 (Human); 56811 (Mouse)

Alternate Names

dickkopf (Xenopus laevis) homolog 2; dickkopf 2; dickkopf homolog 2 (Xenopus laevis); dickkopf related protein-2; dickkopf-2; dickkopf-related protein 2; Dkk2; Dkk-2; hDkk-2