Mouse GDF-3 Antibody Summary
Ala253-Gly366
Accession # Q07104
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Reconstitution Calculator
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: GDF-3
GDF-3 (previously called Vgr-2) is a TGF-beta superfamily member belonging to the growth/differentiation factor family (1, 2). GDF-3 is expressed in undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells, adipose tissue and the brain (2‑4). In ES cells, it maintains pluripotency and influences early cell fate decisions (5, 6). For example, frog embryos injected with GDF-3 develop a secondary dorsal axis and deletion of mouse GDF-3 can produce defects in the anterior visceral endoderm of the pre‑gastrulation embryo (5, 6). In adipocytes, GDF-3 is induced by a high fat diet and promotes adipogenesis (3). GDF-3 has been reported to oppose BMP’s functions and to have a nodal-like activity in early development (1). The 366 amino acid (aa) mouse GDF-3 contains a 22 aa signal sequence, a 230 aa propeptide and a 114 aa mature protein that contains one potential N-glycosylation site. Most of GDF-3 is present as the prepro form, while the mature GDF-3 is presumably the secreted, active form (1). The mature protein contains the cysteine-knot structure that is conserved throughout family members. Since it lacks the fourth cysteine, which is responsible for the formation of inter-molecular disulfide bond, GDF-3 may exist as a non-covalent homodimer. Mature mouse GDF-3 shares 90%, 83% and 83% aa identity with rat, human and canine GDF-3, respectively. Among family members, mature GDF-3 is most similar to mouse BMP-6 (45% aa identity) and Xenopus VG-1 (52% aa identity).
- Levine, A. J. and A. H. Brivanlou (2006) Cell Cycle 5:1069.
- McPherron, A. C. and S-J. Lee (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268:3444.
- Wang, W. et al. (2004) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 321:1024.
- Hexige, S. et al. (2005) Neurosci. Lett. 389:83.
- Levine, A. J. and A. H. Brivanlou (2005) Development 133:209.
- Chen, C. et al. (2006) Development 133:319.
Product Datasheets
Citation for Mouse GDF-3 Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
1 Citation: Showing 1 - 1
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Obesity-Linked PPAR gamma S273 Phosphorylation Promotes Insulin Resistance through Growth Differentiation Factor 3
Authors: Jessica A. Hall, Deepti Ramachandran, Hyun C. Roh, Joanna R. DiSpirito, Thiago Belchior, Peter-James H. Zushin et al.
Cell Metabolism
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