Mouse PD-1 Biotinylated Antibody Summary
Leu25-Gln167
Accession # Q02242
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Scientific Data
PD‑1 in Mouse Spleen. PD‑1 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of mouse spleen using Goat Anti-Mouse PD‑1 Biotinylated Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # BAF1021) at 10 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Before incubation with the primary antibody, tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (CTS013). Tissue was stained using the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to lymphocytes. Staining was performed using our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.
Reconstitution Calculator
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: PD-1
Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) is type I transmembrane protein belonging to the CD28/CTLA-4 family of immunoreceptors that mediate signals for regulating immune responses (1). Other members of this family include CD28, CTLA-4, and ICOS (2-4). PD-1 is most closely related to CTLA-4 and shares approximately 24% amino acid (aa) sequence identity. The mouse PD-1 gene encodes a 288 aa protein with a putative 20 aa signal peptide, a 149 aa extracellular region with one immunoglobulin-like V-type domain, a 21 aa transmembrane domain, and a 98 aa cytoplasmic region. The cytoplasmic tail contains two tyrosine residues that form the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) that are important in mediating PD-1 signaling. Mouse and human PD-1 share approximately 69% aa sequence identity. Two B7 family proteins, PD-L1 (also called B7-H1) and PD-L2, have been identified as PD-1 ligands (5, 6). PD-1 is expressed on activated T cells, B cells, myeloid cells, and on a subset of thymocytes. PD-1 deficient mice have a defect in peripheral tolerance and spontaneously develop autoimmune diseases. Binding of PD-1 to PD-L1 or PD-L2 results in the inhibition of TCR-mediated proliferation and cytokine production as well as BCR-mediated signaling. PD-1 likely has an inhibitory role in regulating immune responses (1-4).
- Ishida, Y. et al. (1992) EMBO J. 11:3887.
- Sharpe, A.H. and G.J. Freeman (2002) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2:116.
- Coyle, A. and J. Gutierrez-Ramos (2001) Nat. Immunol. 2:203.
- Nishimura, H. and T. Honjo (2001) Trends in Immunol. 22:265.
- Latchman Y. et al. (2001) Nature Immun. 2:261.
- Tamura, H. et al. (2001) Blood 97:1809.
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