Muscimol
Chemical Name: 5-Aminomethyl-3-hydroxyisoxazole
Purity: ≥98%
Biological Activity
Muscimol is a potent GABAA receptor agonist and partial GABAA-ρ receptor agonist. Inhibits memory retention and attenuates airway constriction in vivo.Technical Data
The technical data provided above is for guidance only.
For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.
Background References
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Functional imaging reveals rapid reorganization of cortical activity after parietal inactivation in monkeys.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2012;109(21):8274-9. -
High-throughput genotoxicity assay identifies antioxidants as inducers of DNA damage response and cell death.
Fox JT, Sakamuru S, Huang R
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2012;109(14):5423-8. -
Neuronal encoding of the switch from specific to generalized fear.
Ghosh, Supriya, Chattarji, Sumantra
Nat Neurosci, 2015;18(1):112-20. -
Induction of a novel form of hippocampal long-term depression by muscimol: involvement of GABAA but not glutamate receptors.
Akhondzadeh and Stone
Br.J.Pharmacol., 1995;115:527 -
GABAC receptors: relatively simple transmitter-gated ion channels?
Johnston
TiPS, 1996;17:319 -
Central actions of ibotenic acid and muscimol.
Johnston et al.
Biochem.Pharmacol., 1968;17:2488 -
The GABAA agonist muscimol attenuates induced airway constriction in guinea pigs in vivo.
Gleason et al.
J.Appl.Physiol., 2009;106:1257 -
Muscimol state-dependent memory: involvement of dorsal hippocampal μ-opioid receptors.
Jafari-Sabet and Jannat-Dastjerdi
Behav.Brain Res., 2009;202:5
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Citations for Muscimol
The citations listed below are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for Muscimol include:
46 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Multi-target action of β-alanine protects cerebellar tissue from ischemic damage.
Authors: Kopach Et al.
Cell Death Dis 2022;13:747
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Axonal mechanisms mediating γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A (GABA-A) inhibition of striatal dopamine release.
Authors: Kramer Et al.
ELife 2020;9
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Salicylate-Induced Suppression of Electrically Driven Activity in Brain Slices from the Auditory Cortex of Aging Mice.
Authors: Namikawa Et al.
Front Aging Neurosci 2018;9:395
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Local GABAA receptor mediated suppression of DA release within the nucleus accumbens.
Authors: Brodnik Et al.
ACS Chem Neurosci 2018;17:1978
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Septal and Hippocampal Neurons Contribute to Auditory Relay and Fear Conditioning.
Authors: Xiao Et al.
Front Cell Neurosci 2018;12:102
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Discrete Circuits Support Generalized versus Context-Specific Vocal Learning in the Songbird.
Authors: Tian and Brainard
Neuron 2017;96:1168
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The medullary dorsal reticular nucleus as a relay for descending pronociception induced by the mGluR5 in the rat infralimbic cortex.
Authors: David-Pereira
Neuroscience 2017;349:341
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Honokiol suppresses TNF-α-induced neutrophil adhesion on cerebral endothelial cells by disrupting polyubiquitination and degradation of IκBα.
Authors: Chen Et al.
Nature 2016;6:26554
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Additive effect of harmane and muscimol for memory consolidation impairment in inhibitory avoidance task
Authors: Nasehi Et al.
Neuroscience 2016;339:287
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GABAA receptor activity shapes the formation of inhibitory synapses between developing medium spiny neurons.
Authors: Arama Et al.
PLoS One 2015;9:290
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The medial prefrontal cortex is crucial for the maintenance of persistent licking and the expression of incentive contrast.
Authors: Parent Et al.
Neurobiol Dis 2015;9:23
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The higher order auditory cortex is involved in the assignment of affective value to sensory stimuli.
Authors: Grosso Et al.
Nat Commun 2015;6:8886
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Selective inhibition of KCC2 leads to hyperexcitability and epileptiform discharges in hippocampal slices and in vivo.
Authors: Sivakumaran Et al.
EXCLI J 2015;35:8291
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Context-induced reinstatement of methA. seeking is associated with unique molecular alterations in Fos-expressing dorsolateral striatum neurons.
Authors: Rubio Et al.
J Neurosci 2015;35:5625
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Protein kinase C-dependent growth-associated protein 43 phosphorylation regulates gephyrin aggregation at developing GABAergic synapses.
Authors: Wang Et al.
J Neurosci 2015;35:1712
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NMDA receptor channel blocker-like discriminative stimulus effects of NO gas.
Authors: Richardson and Shelton
Front Integr Neurosci 2015;352:156
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Modulation of Spinal GABAergic Inhibition and Mechanical Hypersensitivity following Chronic Compression of Dorsal Root Ganglion in the Rat.
Authors: Lee Et al.
Neural Plast 2015;2015:924728
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The effect of BLA GABA(A) receptors in anxiolytic-like effect and aversive memory deficit induced by ACPA.
Authors: Kangarlu-Haghighi Et al.
Sci Rep 2015;14:613
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Development and function of human cerebral cortex neural networks from pluripotent stem cells in vitro.
Authors: Kirwan Et al.
PLoS One 2015;142:3178
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Chloride Accumulators NKCC1 and AE2 in Mouse GnRH Neurons: Implications for GABAA Mediated Excitation.
Authors: Taylor-Burds Et al.
J Biol Chem 2015;10:e0131076
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Daily isoflu. exposure increases barbiturate insensitivity in medullary respiratory and cortical neurons via expression of η-subunit containing GABA ARs.
Authors: Hengen Et al.
PLoS One 2015;10:e0119351
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Regulation of action potential waveforms by axonal GABAA receptors in cortical pyramidal neurons.
Authors: Xia Et al.
PLoS One 2014;9:e100968
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GABAergic influence on temporomandibular joint-responsive spinomedullary neurons depends on estrogen status.
Authors: Tashiro Et al.
Neurobiol Learn Mem 2014;259:53
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Pachymic Acid Enhances Drug-Induced Sleeping Behaviors via GABAA-ergic Systems in Mice.
Authors: Shah Et al.
Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014;22:314
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TrkB interacts with ErbB4 and regulates NRG1-induced NR2B phosphorylation in cortical neurons before synaptogenesis.
Authors: Pandya and Pillai
Neuroscience 2014;12:47
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Motor cortex feedback influences sensory processing by modulating network state.
Authors: Zagha Et al.
Neuron 2013;79:567
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The dorsomedial hypothalamus mediates stress-induced hyperalgesia and is the source of the pronociceptive peptide cholecystokinin in the rostral ventromedial medulla.
Authors: Wagner Et al.
Mol Cell Biol 2013;238:29
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The contribution of synaptic location to inhibitory gain control in pyramidal cells.
Authors: Pouille Et al.
Physiol Rep 2013;1:e00067
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PF inhibits superoxide production, elastase release, and chemotaxis in formyl peptide-activated human neutrophils by blocking formyl peptide receptor 1.
Authors: Yang Et al.
J Immunol 2013;190:6511
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Updating of action-outcome associations is prevented by inactivation of the posterior pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus.
Authors: Maclaren Et al.
PLoS Comput Biol 2013;102:28
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GABA maintains the proliferation of progenitors in the developing chick ciliary marginal zone and non-pigmented ciliary epithelium.
Authors: Ring Et al.
PLoS One 2012;7:e36874
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Olfactory bulb glomerular NMDA receptors mediate olfactory nerve potentiation and odor preference learning in the neonate rat.
Authors: Lethbridge Et al.
Front Cell Neurosci 2012;7:e35024
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Adenosine release during seizures attenuates GABAA receptor-mediated depolarization.
Authors: Ilie Et al.
J Neurosci 2012;32:5321
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The loop diuretic compound blocks posttraumatic p75NTR upregulation and rescues injured neurons.
Authors: Shulga Et al.
J Neurosci 2012;32:1757
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Modulation of spinal GABAergic analgesia by inhibition of chloride extrusion capacity in mice.
Authors: Asiedu Et al.
J Pain 2012;13:546
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Efficacy of synaptic inhibition depends on multiple, dynamically interacting mechanisms implicated in chloride homeostasis.
Authors: Doyon Et al.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011;7:e1002149
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Development of asymmetric inhibition underlying direction selectivity in the retina.
Authors: Wei Et al.
J Biol Chem 2011;469:402
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Positive feedback regulation between γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor signaling and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release in developing neurons.
Authors: Porcher Et al.
Neuroscience 2011;286:21667
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Developmental regulation and neuroprotective effects of striatal tonic GABAA currents.
Authors: Santhakumar Et al.
Development 2010;167:644
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Nerve Terminal GABAA Receptors Activate Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent Signaling to Inhibit Voltage-gated Ca2+ Influx and Glutamate Release.
Authors: Long Et al.
Neuroscience 2009;284:8726
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Interactions between prefrontal cortex and cerebellum revealed by trace eyelid conditioning.
Authors: Kalmbach Et al.
Learn Mem 2009;16:86
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Intrathecal injection of the neurosteroid, DHEAS, produces mechanical allodynia in mice: involvement of spinal sigma-1 and GABA receptors.
Authors: Yoon Et al.
Br J Pharmacol 2009;157:666
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Disinhibition combines with excitation to extend the operating range of the OFF visual pathway in daylight.
Authors: Manookin Et al.
J Neurosci 2008;28:4136
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GABA receptor activation in the lumbosacral spinal cord decreases detrusor overactivity in spinal cord injured rats.
Authors: Miyazato Et al.
J Urol 2008;179:1178
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Development of chloride-mediated inhibition in neurons of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).
Authors: Milenković Et al.
J Neurophysiol 2007;98:1634
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Peripheral GABAB agonists stimulate gastric acid secretion in mice.
Authors: Piqueras and Martínez
Br J Pharmacol 2004;142:1038
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