Recombinant Cotton Rat IL-13 Protein Summary
Product Specifications
Met1-His133, with a C-terminal 5-His tag
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
6940-CL
Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein. |
Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. |
Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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6940-CL/CF
Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS. |
Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Reconstitution Calculator
Background: IL-13
IL‑13 is a 17 kDa immunoregulatory cytokine that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma and atopy. It is secreted by Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cells, NK cells, visceral smooth muscle cells, eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils (1 ‑ 4). IL-13 circulates as a monomer with two internal disulfide bonds that contribute to a bundled four alpha ‑helix configuration (5, 6). Mature cotton rat IL‑13 shares 59%, 74%, and 72% amino acid sequence identity with human, mouse, and rat IL‑13, respectively. Despite the low homology, it exhibits cross‑species activity between human, mouse, and rat (7, 8). IL‑13 has diverse activities on numerous cell types (9). On macrophages, IL‑13 suppresses the production of proinflammatory cytokines and other cytotoxic substances. On B cells, IL‑13 induces immunoglobulin class switching to IgE, up‑regulates the expression of MHC class II, CD71, CD72, and CD23, and costimulates proliferation. IL‑13 up‑regulates IL‑6 while down‑regulating IL‑1 and TNF‑ alpha production by fibroblasts and endothelial cells. IL‑13 binds with low affinity to IL‑13 R alpha 1, triggering IL‑13 R alpha 1 association with IL‑4 R alpha. This high affinity receptor complex also functions as the type 2 IL‑4 receptor complex (10, 11). Additionally, IL‑13 binds with high affinity to IL‑13 R alpha 2 which is expressed intracellularly, on the cell surface, and as a soluble molecule (12 ‑ 15). IL‑13 R alpha 2 regulates the bioavailability of both IL‑13 and IL‑4 and is overexpressed in glioma and several bronchial pathologies (11, 16, 17). Compared to wild type IL‑13, the atopy‑associated R110Q variant of IL‑13 elicits increased responsiveness from eosinophils that express low levels of IL‑13 R alpha 2 (18).
- Wills-Karp, M. (2004) Immunol. Rev. 202:175.
- Nakajima H. and K. Takatsu (2007) Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 142:265.
- McKenzie, A.N. et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 90:3735.
- Blanco, J.C.G. et al. (2004) J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 24:21.
- Moy, F.J. et al. (2001) J. Mol. Biol. 310:219.
- Eisenmesser, E.Z. et al. (2001) J. Mol. Biol. 310:231.
- Ruetten, H. and C. Thiemermann (1997) Shock 8:409.
- Lakkis, F.G. et al. (1997) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 235:529.
- Wynn, T.A. (2003) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 21:425.
- Andrews, A.L. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:46073.
- Tabata, Y. et al. (2007) Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. 7:338.
- Chiaramonte, M.G. et al. (2003) J. Exp. Med. 197:687.
- Daines, M.O. and G.K. Hershey (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 227:10387.
- Matsumura, M. et al. (2007) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 360:464.
- Tabata, Y. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 177:7905.
- Andrews, A.L. et al. (2006) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 118:858.
- Joshi, B.H. et al. (2006) Vitam. Horm. 74:479.
- Andrews, A.-L. et al. (2007) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 120:91.
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