Recombinant Human B7-H4 Fc Chimera Alexa Fluor® 488 Protein

Recombinant Human B7-H4 Fc Chimera Alexa Fluor® 488 Protein Summary

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Background:

B7-H4, also known as B7x and B7S1, is a 50-80 kDa glycosylated member of the B7 family of immunomodulatory proteins (1, 2). Mature human B7-H4 consists of a 235 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD) with one Ig-like V-set domain and one Ig-like C2-set domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 2 aa cytoplasmic tail (3-5). Within the ECD, human B7-H4 shares 90% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat B7-H4. It shares 22% - 28% aa sequence identity with human B7-1, B7-2, B7-H1, B7-H2, B7-H3, and PD-L2. Alternate splicing of human B7-H4 generates an additional isoform that lacks the first Ig-like domain. B7-H4 is expressed on the surface of activated lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (4-8). Its binding to activated T cells dampens T cell responses and induces cell cycle arrest in the T cell (3-5). Reverse signaling can induce either cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in the B7-H4 expressing cell (9, 10). B7-H4 is up-regulated in several carcinomas in correlation with tumor progression and metastasis (2, 7, 11, 12). A soluble form of B7-H4 is elevated in the serum of ovarian cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and rheumatoid arthritis patients, also in correlation with advanced disease status (13-15). Soluble B7-H4 functions as a decoy molecule that blocks the inhibitory influence of B7-H4 on immune activation (15). Despite evidence for the involvement of B7-H4 in immune regulation, mice deficient in its expression do not show significant immune deficiencies, suggesting compensation by other molecules in vivo (16).

Product Specific Notices

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