Recombinant Human IL-2 (Cys145Ser) Protein, CF Summary
Product Specifications
Ala21-Thr153 (Cys145Ser), with and without an N-terminal Met
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
1081-IL/CF
| Formulation | Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Sodium Acetate. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Reconstitution Calculator
Background: IL-2
Recombinant Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is expressed in E. coli and has been engineered to contain the serine for cysteine substitution found in Proleukin® (aldesleukin). Recombinant IL-2 is widely used in cell culture for the expansion of T cells. IL-2 is expressed by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, gamma δ T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and eosinophils (1-3). Mature human IL-2 shares 56% and 66% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse and rat IL-2, respectively. Human and mouse IL-2 exhibit cross-species activity (4). The receptor for IL-2 consists of three subunits that are present on the cell surface in varying preformed complexes (5-7). The 55 kDa IL-2 R alpha is specific for IL-2 and binds with low affinity. The 75 kDa IL-2 R beta, which is also a component of the IL-15 receptor, binds IL-2 with intermediate affinity. The 64 kDa common gamma chain gamma c/IL-2 R gamma, which is shared with the receptors for IL-4, -7, -9, -15, and -21, does not independently interact with IL-2. Upon ligand binding, signal transduction is performed by both IL-2 R beta and gamma c.
IL-2 is best known for its autocrine and paracrine activity on T cells. It drives resting T cells to proliferate and induces IL-2 and IL-2 R alpha synthesis (1, 2). It contributes to T cell homeostasis by promoting the Fas-induced death of naïve CD4+ T cells but not activated CD4+ memory lymphocytes (8). IL-2 plays a central role in the expansion and maintenance of regulatory T cells, although it inhibits the development of Th17 polarized cells (9-11). Thus, IL-2 may be a key cytokine in the natural suppression of autoimmunity (12, 13).
IL-2 expression and concentration can have either immunostimulatory effects at high doses or immunosuppressive effects at low doses due to its preferential binding to different receptor subunits expressed by various immune cell types. This has led to the generation of recombinant IL-2 variants aimed at modifying IL-2 receptor binding for increased antitumor efficacy (14, 15). These variants are typically used in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors instead of as a monotherapy (14). IL-2 can be genetically engineered to express in NK cells for CAR T cell therapies, and in combination with other cytokines like IL-15, can increase cell viability and proliferation (16). In addition to adoptive cell transfer and checkpoint blockade inhibitors, cancer vaccines that boost immune responses have been combined with IL-2 treatment with promising results in recent studies (15).
In cell culture, IL-2 is a frequently used cytokine for the proliferation, differentiation, and increased antibody secretion of B cells as they transform into plasma cells in vitro (17). IL-2 is also a classically used cytokine for the expansion of NK cells, early differentiated T cells and effector memory Treg cells for adoptive cell transfer cancer immunotherapy (16, 18). GMP IL-2 is a commonly used supplement for the expansion of these cell types for cellular therapies.
- Ma, A. et al. (2006) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 24:657.
- Gaffen, S.L. and K.D. Liu (2004) Cytokine 28:109.
- Taniguchi, T. et al. (1983) Nature 302:305.
- Mosmann, T.R. et al. (1987) J. Immunol. 138:1813.
- Liparoto, S.F. et al. (2002) Biochemistry 41:2543.
- Wang, X. et al. (2005) Science 310:1159.
- Bodnar, A. et al. (2008) Immunol. Lett. 116:117.
- Jaleco, S. et al. (2003) J. Immunol. 171:61.
- Malek, T.R. (2003) J. Leukoc. Biol. 74:961.
- Laurence, A. et al. (2007) Immunity 26:371.
- Kryczek, I. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:6730.
- Afzali, B. et al. (2007) Clin. Exp. Immunol. 148:32.
- Fehervari, Z.et al. (2006) Trends Immunol. 27:109.
- Xue, D. et al. (2021) Antibody Therapeutics. 4(2): 123-133.
- Wolfarth, A.A. et al. (2022) Immune Netw. 22(1): e5.
- Koehl, U. et al. (2015) Oncoimmunology. 5(4).
- Marsman, C. et al. (2022) Front. In Immunol. 13(815449).
- Chamucero-Millares, J.A. et al. (2021) Cellular Immunology. 360(104257).
Citations for Recombinant Human IL-2 (Cys145Ser) Protein, CF
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
3
Citations: Showing 1 - 3
Filter your results:
Filter by:
-
Super-enhancer-based identification of a BATF3/IL-2R-module reveals vulnerabilities in anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: HC Liang, M Costanza, N Prutsch, MW Zimmerman, E Gurnhofer, IA Montes-Moj, BJ Abraham, N Prokoph, S Stoiber, S Tangermann, C Lobello, J Oppelt, I Anagnostop, T Hielscher, S Pervez, W Klapper, F Zammarchi, DA Silva, KC Garcia, D Baker, M Janz, N Schleussne, F Fend, Š Pospíšilov, A Janiková, J Wallwitz, D Stoiber, I Simonitsch, L Cerroni, S Pileri, L de Leval, D Sibon, V Fataccioli, P Gaulard, C Assaf, F Knörr, C Damm-Welk, W Woessmann, SD Turner, AT Look, S Mathas, L Kenner, O Merkel
Nature Communications, 2021-09-22;12(1):5577.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture -
An HLA-A2.1-transgenic rabbit model to study immunity to papillomavirus infection.
Authors: Hu J, Peng X, Schell TD, Budgeon LR, Cladel NM, Christensen ND
J. Immunol., 2006-12-01;177(11):8037-45.
Species: Rabbit
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Human plasmacytoid predendritic cells activate NK cells through glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-ligand (GITRL).
Authors: Hanabuchi S, Watanabe N, Wang YH, Ito T, Shaw J, Cao W, Qin FX, Liu YJ
Blood, 2006-01-05;107(9):3617-23.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
FAQs
No product specific FAQs exist for this product, however you may
View all Proteins and Enzyme FAQsReviews for Recombinant Human IL-2 (Cys145Ser) Protein, CF
There are currently no reviews for this product. Be the first to review Recombinant Human IL-2 (Cys145Ser) Protein, CF and earn rewards!
Have you used Recombinant Human IL-2 (Cys145Ser) Protein, CF?
Submit a review and receive an Amazon gift card.
$25/€18/£15/$25CAN/¥75 Yuan/¥2500 Yen for a review with an image
$10/€7/£6/$10 CAD/¥70 Yuan/¥1110 Yen for a review without an image
