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Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat GDF-11/BMP-11 Protein

Catalog #: 1958-GD
28 Citations Datasheet / COA / SDS

Carrier Free

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
1958-GD-010/CF

With Carrier

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
1958-GD-010

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Graph showing bioactivity of GDF-11 protein
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Product Details
Citations (28)
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Summary Product Datasheets Carrier Free Data Images Reconstitution Calculator Background Related Research Areas

Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat GDF-11/BMP-11 Protein Summary

Why choose R&D Systems GDF-11 Protein?

  • Guaranteed Bioactivity and High Purity: Bioactivity tested by functional ELISA and purity determined by SDS-PAGE to be greater than 95%.
  • Lot-to-Lot Consistency: Stringent QC testing performed on each lot to ensure consistent activity and purity.
  • Bulk Quantities Available: Bulk up and save with large mass quantities to meet your research needs. Supply agreements available, partner with us. Please contact us.
  • Most Respected, Most Cited Brand in Proteins: With over 35 years of providing the best recombinant proteins to the scientific community, R&D Systems continues to lead the industry in quality, activity, and purity.

Product Specifications

Purity
>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
Endotoxin Level
<0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Activity
Measured by its ability to induce hemoglobin expression in K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Schwall, R.H. et al. (1991) Method Enzymol. 198:340. The ED50 for this effect is 0.8-4.8 ng/mL.
Source
E. coli-derived GDF-11/BMP-11 protein
Asn299-Ser407, with an N-terminal Met
Accession #
O95390
N-terminal Sequence
Analysis
Met-Asn299-Leu-Gly-Leu-Asp-(Cys)-Asp-Glu-His
Structure / Form
Disulfide-linked homodimer
Predicted Molecular Mass
12.6 kDa (monomer)

Product Datasheets

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1958-GD (with carrier)

Product Datasheet
COA
SDS

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1958-GD/CF (carrier free)

Product Datasheet
COA
SDS

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

1958-GD

Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein.
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100-200 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

1958-GD/CF

Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA.
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100-200 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Scientific Data

Bioactivity Graph showing bioactivity of GDF-11 protein View Larger

Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat GDF‑11 protein 1958-GD induces hemoglobin expression in the K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line. The ED50 for this effect is 0.8‑4.8 ng/mL.

SDS-PAGE Graph showing bioactivity of GDF-11 protein View Larger

1 μg/lane of Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat GDF‑11 1958-GD protein was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions and visualized by silver staining, showing bands at 13 kDa and 21 kDa, respectively.

Mass Spectrometry Graph showing bioactivity of GDF-11 protein View Larger

ESI analysis of Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat GDF-11 protein 1958-GD. The peak at 25163 Da corresponds to the calculated molecular mass of the disulfide-linked homodimer.

Reconstitution Calculator

Background: GDF-11/BMP-11

Growth Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF-11), also known as BMP-11, is a member of the TGF-beta superfamily and is highly related to GDF-8. GDF-11 encodes a 407 amino acid (aa) prepropeptide which contains a signal sequence for secretion and an RXXR proteolytic processing site to yield a 109 aa residue carboxy-terminal mature protein (1). Mature GDF-11 contains the canonical 7-cysteine motif common to other TGF-beta superfamily members; however, like the TGF-beta s, Activins and GDF-8, GDF-11 also contains one extra pair of cysteine residues. At the amino acid sequence level, mature human, mouse, rat and chicken GDF-11 are 99-100% identical. GDF-11 and GDF-8 share 90% amino acid sequence identity within the mature protein. As detected by in situ hybridization, GDF-11 is expressed in diverse regions of the mouse embryo: tailbud, somitic precursors, limbs, mandibular and branchial arches, dorsal neural tube, odontoblasts, nasal epithelium, and particular regions of the brain (1, 2). Targeted deletion of GDF-11, in mice, results in a spectrum of abnormalities including palatal malformation, vertebral defects, elongated trunks with a reduced or absent tail, missing or malformed kidneys, and an increased number of neurons in the olfactory epithelium (2-5). GDF-11 signals through the Activin type II receptors and induces phosphorylation of Smad2 to mediate axial patterning (6). Systemic GDF-11 levels decline with age and administration of higher levels of GDF-11 can reverse age-related cardiac hypertrophy (7). In addition, systemic administration of recombinant GDF-11 protein restores genomic integrity and health of muscle stem cells, neurovasculature and enhances neurogenesis (8, 9). R&D Systems recombinant GDF-11 preparations have been shown to act similarly to GDF-8 in both the Xenopus animal cap and the K562 assays.

References
  1. Gamer, L.W. et al. (1999) Dev. Biol. 208: 222. 
  2. Nakashima, M. et al. (1999) Mech. Dev. 80:185.  
  3. Gad, J.M. and P.P.L. Tam (1999) Curr. Biol. 9:R783.  
  4. McPherron, A.C. et al. (1999) Nat. Genet. 22:260.
  5. Esquela, A.F. and S.J. Lee (2003) Dev. Biol. 257:356.
  6. Oh, S.P. et al. (2002) Genes & Dev. 16:274.
  7. Loffredo, F.S. et. al. (2013) Cell. 153.828.
  8. Katsimpardi, L. et. al. (2014) Science (ahead of print).
  9. Sinha, M. et. al. (2014) Science (ahead of print).
Long Name
Growth Differentiation Factor 11
Entrez Gene IDs
10220 (Human)
Alternate Names
BMP11; BMP-11; BMP-11BMP11Bone morphogenetic protein 11; GDF11; GDF-11; growth differentiation factor 11; growth/differentiation factor 11

Citations for Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat GDF-11/BMP-11 Protein

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

28 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. Tppp3 is a novel molecule for retinal ganglion cell identification and optic nerve regeneration
    Authors: Rao, M;Luo, Z;Liu, CC;Chen, CY;Wang, S;Nahmou, M;Tanasa, B;Virmani, A;Byrne, L;Goldberg, JL;Sahel, JA;Chang, KC;
    Acta neuropathologica communications
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  2. GDF11 Regulates PC12 Neural Stem Cells via ALK5-Dependent PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway
    Authors: Z Wang, P Jiang, F Liu, X Du, L Ma, S Ye, H Cao, P Sun, N Su, F Lin, R Zhang, C Li
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-10-14;23(20):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Cell Culture
  3. Growth differentiation factor 11 induces skeletal muscle atrophy via a STAT3-dependent mechanism in pulmonary arterial hypertension
    Authors: G Xiang, K Ying, P Jiang, M Jia, Y Sun, S Li, X Wu, S Hao
    Skeletal Muscle, 2022-05-06;12(1):10.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Cell Culture
  4. Growth differentiation factor 11 accelerates liver senescence through the inhibition of autophagy
    Authors: J Sun, Y Li, X Yang, W Dong, J Yang, Q Hu, C Zhang, H Fang, A Liu
    Aging Cell, 2021-12-14;0(0):e13532.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  5. GDF11 alleviates secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage via attenuating mitochondrial dynamic abnormality and dysfunction
    Authors: A Xiao, Y Zhang, Y Ren, R Chen, T Li, C You, X Gan
    Scientific Reports, 2021-02-17;11(1):3974.
    Species: Human, Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo, Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  6. TMEPAI/PMEPA1 Is a Positive Regulator of Skeletal Muscle Mass
    Authors: A Hagg, S Kharoud, G Goodchild, CA Goodman, JL Chen, RE Thomson, H Qian, P Gregorevic, CA Harrison, KL Walton
    Front Physiol, 2020-11-04;11(0):560225.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  7. RAP-011 Rescues the Disease Phenotype in a Cellular Model of Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia Type II by Inhibiting the SMAD2-3 Pathway
    Authors: G De Rosa, I Andolfo, R Marra, F Manna, BE Rosato, A Iolascon, R Russo
    Int J Mol Sci, 2020-08-04;21(15):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  8. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) has pronounced effects on skin biology
    Authors: J Idkowiak-B, U Santhanam, SM Buchanan, KL Pfaff, LL Rubin, J Lyga
    PLoS ONE, 2019-06-10;14(6):e0218035.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Cell Culture
  9. A GDF11/myostatin inhibitor, GDF11 propeptide-Fc, increases skeletal muscle mass and improves muscle strength in dystrophic mdx mice
    Authors: Q Jin, C Qiao, J Li, B Xiao, J Li, X Xiao
    Skelet Muscle, 2019-05-27;9(1):16.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Bioassay
  10. Identification of the minimum region of flatfish myostatin propeptide (Pep45-65) for myostatin inhibition and its potential to enhance muscle growth and performance in animals
    Authors: JH Kim, JH Kim, LA Sutikno, SB Lee, DH Jin, YK Hong, YS Kim, HJ Jin
    PLoS ONE, 2019-04-18;14(4):e0215298.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  11. Growth differentiation factor 11 is involved in isoproterenol?induced heart failure
    Authors: XJ Zhang, H Tan, ZF Shi, N Li, Y Jia, Z Hao
    Mol Med Rep, 2019-03-22;0(0):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  12. Reduced production of laminin by hepatic stellate cells contributes to impairment in oval cell response to liver injury in aged mice
    Authors: L Qian, H Zhang, Y Gu, D Li, S He, H Wang, Y Cheng, W Yang, H Yu, X Zhao, W Cai, L Meng, M Jin, Y Wang, Y Zhang
    Aging (Albany NY), 2018-12-04;0(0):.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  13. Conditioned media from human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells stimulate rejuvenation function in human skin
    Authors: YJ Kim, DH Seo, SH Lee, SH Lee, GH An, HJ Ahn, D Kwon, KW Seo, KS Kang
    Biochem Biophys Rep, 2018-10-25;16(0):96-102.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  14. Modulation of GDF11 expression and synaptic plasticity by age and training
    Authors: E De Domenic, G D'Arcangel, I Faraoni, M Palmieri, V Tancredi, G Graziani, P Grimaldi, L Tentori
    Oncotarget, 2017-08-03;8(35):57991-58002.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
    Applications: Western Blot
  15. Specific targeting of TGF-? family ligands demonstrates distinct roles in the regulation of muscle mass in health and disease
    Authors: JL Chen, KL Walton, A Hagg, TD Colgan, K Johnson, H Qian, P Gregorevic, CA Harrison
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2017-06-12;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  16. Identification of ligand-selective peptidic ActRIIB-antagonists using phage display technology
    Authors: K Sakamoto, Y Kanematsu-, Y Kamada, M Oka, T Ohnishi, M Miwa, T Asami, H Inooka
    Biochem Biophys Rep, 2017-06-10;11(0):33-39.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  17. Activin A more prominently regulates muscle mass in primates than does GDF8
    Authors: E Latres, J Mastaitis, W Fury, L Miloscio, J Trejos, J Pangilinan, H Okamoto, K Cavino, E Na, A Papatheodo, T Willer, Y Bai, J Hae Kim, A Rafique, S Jaspers, T Stitt, AJ Murphy, GD Yancopoulo, J Gromada
    Nat Commun, 2017-04-28;8(0):15153.
    Species: Human, Mouse, Primate - Macaca fascicularis (Crab-eating Monkey or Cynomolgus Macaque), Rat
    Sample Types: Recombinant Protein, Serum
    Applications: ELISA (Standard), Surface Plasmon Resonance
  18. A multiplexed immunocapture liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay for the simultaneous measurement of myostatin and GDF-11 in rat serum using an automated sample preparation platform
    Authors: Y Zhao, G Liu, FC Zambito, YJ Zhang, BS DeSilva, AT Kozhich, JX Shen
    Anal. Chim. Acta, 2017-04-26;979(0):36-44.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Serum
    Applications: Bioassay
  19. Morphological, molecular and FTIR spectroscopic analysis during the differentiation of kidney cells from pluripotent stem cells
    Authors: MM Mata-Miran, GJ Vazquez-Za, M Rojas-Lope, V Sanchez-Mo, DG Perez-Ishi, RJ Delgado-Ma
    Biol. Res., 2017-04-04;50(1):14.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  20. Maltose binding protein-fusion enhances the bioactivity of truncated forms of pig myostatin propeptide produced in E. coli
    Authors: SB Lee, SK Park, YS Kim
    PLoS ONE, 2017-04-03;12(4):e0174956.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  21. Supraphysiological levels of GDF11 induce striated muscle atrophy
    Authors: DW Hammers, M Merscham-B, JY Hsiao, S Engst, JJ Hartman, HL Sweeney
    EMBO Mol Med, 2017-04-01;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  22. GDF11 does not improve the palmitate induced insulin resistance in C2C12
    Authors: YY Jing, D Li, F Wu, LL Gong, R Li
    Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2017-04-01;21(8):1795-1802.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  23. Structural basis for potency differences between GDF8 and GDF11
    Authors: RG Walker, M Czepnik, EJ Goebel, JC McCoy, A Vujic, M Cho, J Oh, S Aykul, KL Walton, G Schang, DJ Bernard, AP Hinck, CA Harrison, E Martinez-H, AJ Wagers, RT Lee, TB Thompson
    BMC Biol, 2017-03-03;15(1):19.
    Species: Human, Mouse
    Sample Types: In Vivo, Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay, In Vivo
  24. Myostatin blockade with a fully human monoclonal antibody induces muscle hypertrophy and reverses muscle atrophy in young and aged mice.
    Authors: Latres E, Pangilinan J, Miloscio L, Bauerlein R, Na E, Potocky T, Huang Y, Eckersdorff M, Rafique A, Mastaitis J, Lin C, Murphy A, Yancopoulos G, Gromada J, Stitt T
    Skelet Muscle, 2015-10-09;5(0):34.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  25. An activin receptor IIA ligand trap corrects ineffective erythropoiesis in beta-thalassemia.
    Authors: Dussiot M, Maciel T, Fricot A, Chartier C, Negre O, Veiga J, Grapton D, Paubelle E, Payen E, Beuzard Y, Leboulch P, Ribeil J, Arlet J, Cote F, Courtois G, Ginzburg Y, Daniel T, Chopra R, Sung V, Hermine O, Moura I
    Nat Med, 2014-03-23;20(4):398-407.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  26. An activin receptor IIA ligand trap promotes erythropoiesis resulting in a rapid induction of red blood cells and haemoglobin.
    Authors: Carrancio S, Markovics J, Wong P, Leisten J, Castiglioni P, Groza M, Raymon H, Heise C, Daniel T, Chopra R, Sung V
    Br J Haematol, 2014-03-18;165(6):870-82.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  27. Soluble Endoglin Specifically Binds Bone Morphogenetic Proteins 9 and 10 via Its Orphan Domain, Inhibits Blood Vessel Formation, and Suppresses Tumor Growth.
    Authors: Castonguay R, Werner ED, Matthews RG, Presman E, Mulivor AW, Solban N, Sako D, Pearsall RS, Underwood KW, Seehra J, Kumar R, Grinberg AV
    J. Biol. Chem., 2011-07-07;286(34):30034-46.
    Species: Human, Mouse
    Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
    Applications: Surface Plasmon Resonance
  28. TGFbeta ligands promote the initiation of retinal ganglion cell dendrites in vitro and in vivo.
    Authors: Hocking JC, Hehr CL, Chang RY, Johnston J, McFarlane S
    Mol. Cell. Neurosci., 2007-10-05;37(2):247-60.
    Species: Xenopus
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay

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