Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat GDF-11/BMP-11 Protein
Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat GDF-11/BMP-11 Protein Summary
Why choose R&D Systems GDF-11 Protein?
- Guaranteed Bioactivity and High Purity: Bioactivity tested by functional ELISA and purity determined by SDS-PAGE to be greater than 95%.
- Lot-to-Lot Consistency: Stringent QC testing performed on each lot to ensure consistent activity and purity.
- Bulk Quantities Available: Bulk up and save with large mass quantities to meet your research needs. Supply agreements available, partner with us. Please contact us.
- Most Respected, Most Cited Brand in Proteins: With over 35 years of providing the best recombinant proteins to the scientific community, R&D Systems continues to lead the industry in quality, activity, and purity.
Product Specifications
Asn299-Ser407, with an N-terminal Met
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Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
1958-GD
Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein. |
Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100-200 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl. |
Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
1958-GD/CF
Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA. |
Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100-200 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl. |
Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Scientific Data

Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat GDF‑11 protein 1958-GD induces hemoglobin expression in the K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line. The ED50 for this effect is 0.8‑4.8 ng/mL.

1 μg/lane of Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat GDF‑11 1958-GD protein was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions and visualized by silver staining, showing bands at 13 kDa and 21 kDa, respectively.

ESI analysis of Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat GDF-11 protein 1958-GD. The peak at 25163 Da corresponds to the calculated molecular mass of the disulfide-linked homodimer.
Background: GDF-11/BMP-11
Growth Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF-11), also known as BMP-11, is a member of the TGF-beta superfamily and is highly related to GDF-8. GDF-11 encodes a 407 amino acid (aa) prepropeptide which contains a signal sequence for secretion and an RXXR proteolytic processing site to yield a 109 aa residue carboxy-terminal mature protein (1). Mature GDF-11 contains the canonical 7-cysteine motif common to other TGF-beta superfamily members; however, like the TGF-beta s, Activins and GDF-8, GDF-11 also contains one extra pair of cysteine residues. At the amino acid sequence level, mature human, mouse, rat and chicken GDF-11 are 99-100% identical. GDF-11 and GDF-8 share 90% amino acid sequence identity within the mature protein. As detected by in situ hybridization, GDF-11 is expressed in diverse regions of the mouse embryo: tailbud, somitic precursors, limbs, mandibular and branchial arches, dorsal neural tube, odontoblasts, nasal epithelium, and particular regions of the brain (1, 2). Targeted deletion of GDF-11, in mice, results in a spectrum of abnormalities including palatal malformation, vertebral defects, elongated trunks with a reduced or absent tail, missing or malformed kidneys, and an increased number of neurons in the olfactory epithelium (2-5). GDF-11 signals through the Activin type II receptors and induces phosphorylation of Smad2 to mediate axial patterning (6). Systemic GDF-11 levels decline with age and administration of higher levels of GDF-11 can reverse age-related cardiac hypertrophy (7). In addition, systemic administration of recombinant GDF-11 protein restores genomic integrity and health of muscle stem cells, neurovasculature and enhances neurogenesis (8, 9). R&D Systems recombinant GDF-11 preparations have been shown to act similarly to GDF-8 in both the Xenopus animal cap and the K562 assays.
- Gamer, L.W. et al. (1999) Dev. Biol. 208: 222.
- Nakashima, M. et al. (1999) Mech. Dev. 80:185.
- Gad, J.M. and P.P.L. Tam (1999) Curr. Biol. 9:R783.
- McPherron, A.C. et al. (1999) Nat. Genet. 22:260.
- Esquela, A.F. and S.J. Lee (2003) Dev. Biol. 257:356.
- Oh, S.P. et al. (2002) Genes & Dev. 16:274.
- Loffredo, F.S. et. al. (2013) Cell. 153.828.
- Katsimpardi, L. et. al. (2014) Science (ahead of print).
- Sinha, M. et. al. (2014) Science (ahead of print).
Citations for Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat GDF-11/BMP-11 Protein
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Tppp3 is a novel molecule for retinal ganglion cell identification and optic nerve regeneration
Authors: Rao, M;Luo, Z;Liu, CC;Chen, CY;Wang, S;Nahmou, M;Tanasa, B;Virmani, A;Byrne, L;Goldberg, JL;Sahel, JA;Chang, KC;
Acta neuropathologica communications
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
GDF11 Regulates PC12 Neural Stem Cells via ALK5-Dependent PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Z Wang, P Jiang, F Liu, X Du, L Ma, S Ye, H Cao, P Sun, N Su, F Lin, R Zhang, C Li
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-10-14;23(20):.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture -
Growth differentiation factor 11 induces skeletal muscle atrophy via a STAT3-dependent mechanism in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: G Xiang, K Ying, P Jiang, M Jia, Y Sun, S Li, X Wu, S Hao
Skeletal Muscle, 2022-05-06;12(1):10.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture -
Growth differentiation factor 11 accelerates liver senescence through the inhibition of autophagy
Authors: J Sun, Y Li, X Yang, W Dong, J Yang, Q Hu, C Zhang, H Fang, A Liu
Aging Cell, 2021-12-14;0(0):e13532.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
GDF11 alleviates secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage via attenuating mitochondrial dynamic abnormality and dysfunction
Authors: A Xiao, Y Zhang, Y Ren, R Chen, T Li, C You, X Gan
Scientific Reports, 2021-02-17;11(1):3974.
Species: Human, Rat
Sample Types: In Vivo, Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
TMEPAI/PMEPA1 Is a Positive Regulator of Skeletal Muscle Mass
Authors: A Hagg, S Kharoud, G Goodchild, CA Goodman, JL Chen, RE Thomson, H Qian, P Gregorevic, CA Harrison, KL Walton
Front Physiol, 2020-11-04;11(0):560225.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
RAP-011 Rescues the Disease Phenotype in a Cellular Model of Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia Type II by Inhibiting the SMAD2-3 Pathway
Authors: G De Rosa, I Andolfo, R Marra, F Manna, BE Rosato, A Iolascon, R Russo
Int J Mol Sci, 2020-08-04;21(15):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) has pronounced effects on skin biology
Authors: J Idkowiak-B, U Santhanam, SM Buchanan, KL Pfaff, LL Rubin, J Lyga
PLoS ONE, 2019-06-10;14(6):e0218035.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture -
A GDF11/myostatin inhibitor, GDF11 propeptide-Fc, increases skeletal muscle mass and improves muscle strength in dystrophic mdx mice
Authors: Q Jin, C Qiao, J Li, B Xiao, J Li, X Xiao
Skelet Muscle, 2019-05-27;9(1):16.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Bioassay -
Identification of the minimum region of flatfish myostatin propeptide (Pep45-65) for myostatin inhibition and its potential to enhance muscle growth and performance in animals
Authors: JH Kim, JH Kim, LA Sutikno, SB Lee, DH Jin, YK Hong, YS Kim, HJ Jin
PLoS ONE, 2019-04-18;14(4):e0215298.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Growth differentiation factor 11 is involved in isoproterenol?induced heart failure
Authors: XJ Zhang, H Tan, ZF Shi, N Li, Y Jia, Z Hao
Mol Med Rep, 2019-03-22;0(0):.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Reduced production of laminin by hepatic stellate cells contributes to impairment in oval cell response to liver injury in aged mice
Authors: L Qian, H Zhang, Y Gu, D Li, S He, H Wang, Y Cheng, W Yang, H Yu, X Zhao, W Cai, L Meng, M Jin, Y Wang, Y Zhang
Aging (Albany NY), 2018-12-04;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Conditioned media from human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells stimulate rejuvenation function in human skin
Authors: YJ Kim, DH Seo, SH Lee, SH Lee, GH An, HJ Ahn, D Kwon, KW Seo, KS Kang
Biochem Biophys Rep, 2018-10-25;16(0):96-102.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Modulation of GDF11 expression and synaptic plasticity by age and training
Authors: E De Domenic, G D'Arcangel, I Faraoni, M Palmieri, V Tancredi, G Graziani, P Grimaldi, L Tentori
Oncotarget, 2017-08-03;8(35):57991-58002.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
Applications: Western Blot -
Specific targeting of TGF-? family ligands demonstrates distinct roles in the regulation of muscle mass in health and disease
Authors: JL Chen, KL Walton, A Hagg, TD Colgan, K Johnson, H Qian, P Gregorevic, CA Harrison
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2017-06-12;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Identification of ligand-selective peptidic ActRIIB-antagonists using phage display technology
Authors: K Sakamoto, Y Kanematsu-, Y Kamada, M Oka, T Ohnishi, M Miwa, T Asami, H Inooka
Biochem Biophys Rep, 2017-06-10;11(0):33-39.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Activin A more prominently regulates muscle mass in primates than does GDF8
Authors: E Latres, J Mastaitis, W Fury, L Miloscio, J Trejos, J Pangilinan, H Okamoto, K Cavino, E Na, A Papatheodo, T Willer, Y Bai, J Hae Kim, A Rafique, S Jaspers, T Stitt, AJ Murphy, GD Yancopoulo, J Gromada
Nat Commun, 2017-04-28;8(0):15153.
Species: Human, Mouse, Primate - Macaca fascicularis (Crab-eating Monkey or Cynomolgus Macaque), Rat
Sample Types: Recombinant Protein, Serum
Applications: ELISA (Standard), Surface Plasmon Resonance -
A multiplexed immunocapture liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay for the simultaneous measurement of myostatin and GDF-11 in rat serum using an automated sample preparation platform
Authors: Y Zhao, G Liu, FC Zambito, YJ Zhang, BS DeSilva, AT Kozhich, JX Shen
Anal. Chim. Acta, 2017-04-26;979(0):36-44.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Serum
Applications: Bioassay -
Morphological, molecular and FTIR spectroscopic analysis during the differentiation of kidney cells from pluripotent stem cells
Authors: MM Mata-Miran, GJ Vazquez-Za, M Rojas-Lope, V Sanchez-Mo, DG Perez-Ishi, RJ Delgado-Ma
Biol. Res., 2017-04-04;50(1):14.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Maltose binding protein-fusion enhances the bioactivity of truncated forms of pig myostatin propeptide produced in E. coli
Authors: SB Lee, SK Park, YS Kim
PLoS ONE, 2017-04-03;12(4):e0174956.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Supraphysiological levels of GDF11 induce striated muscle atrophy
Authors: DW Hammers, M Merscham-B, JY Hsiao, S Engst, JJ Hartman, HL Sweeney
EMBO Mol Med, 2017-04-01;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
GDF11 does not improve the palmitate induced insulin resistance in C2C12
Authors: YY Jing, D Li, F Wu, LL Gong, R Li
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2017-04-01;21(8):1795-1802.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Structural basis for potency differences between GDF8 and GDF11
Authors: RG Walker, M Czepnik, EJ Goebel, JC McCoy, A Vujic, M Cho, J Oh, S Aykul, KL Walton, G Schang, DJ Bernard, AP Hinck, CA Harrison, E Martinez-H, AJ Wagers, RT Lee, TB Thompson
BMC Biol, 2017-03-03;15(1):19.
Species: Human, Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo, Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay, In Vivo -
Myostatin blockade with a fully human monoclonal antibody induces muscle hypertrophy and reverses muscle atrophy in young and aged mice.
Authors: Latres E, Pangilinan J, Miloscio L, Bauerlein R, Na E, Potocky T, Huang Y, Eckersdorff M, Rafique A, Mastaitis J, Lin C, Murphy A, Yancopoulos G, Gromada J, Stitt T
Skelet Muscle, 2015-10-09;5(0):34.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
An activin receptor IIA ligand trap corrects ineffective erythropoiesis in beta-thalassemia.
Authors: Dussiot M, Maciel T, Fricot A, Chartier C, Negre O, Veiga J, Grapton D, Paubelle E, Payen E, Beuzard Y, Leboulch P, Ribeil J, Arlet J, Cote F, Courtois G, Ginzburg Y, Daniel T, Chopra R, Sung V, Hermine O, Moura I
Nat Med, 2014-03-23;20(4):398-407.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
An activin receptor IIA ligand trap promotes erythropoiesis resulting in a rapid induction of red blood cells and haemoglobin.
Authors: Carrancio S, Markovics J, Wong P, Leisten J, Castiglioni P, Groza M, Raymon H, Heise C, Daniel T, Chopra R, Sung V
Br J Haematol, 2014-03-18;165(6):870-82.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Soluble Endoglin Specifically Binds Bone Morphogenetic Proteins 9 and 10 via Its Orphan Domain, Inhibits Blood Vessel Formation, and Suppresses Tumor Growth.
Authors: Castonguay R, Werner ED, Matthews RG, Presman E, Mulivor AW, Solban N, Sako D, Pearsall RS, Underwood KW, Seehra J, Kumar R, Grinberg AV
J. Biol. Chem., 2011-07-07;286(34):30034-46.
Species: Human, Mouse
Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
Applications: Surface Plasmon Resonance -
TGFbeta ligands promote the initiation of retinal ganglion cell dendrites in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: Hocking JC, Hehr CL, Chang RY, Johnston J, McFarlane S
Mol. Cell. Neurosci., 2007-10-05;37(2):247-60.
Species: Xenopus
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
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