Recombinant Mouse Twisted Gastrulation (TSG) Protein Summary
Product Specifications
Cys25-Phe222, with a C-terminal 10-His tag
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
756-TG
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
756-TG/CF
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Reconstitution Calculator
Background: TSG
Twisted Gastrulation-1 (TSG or TWSG1) is a cysteine-rich 24 kDa secreted glycoprotein that regulates BMP signaling (1, 2). It was initially identified for its role in dorsal/ventral patterning in Drosophila and Xenopus (1). Mouse TSG cDNA encodes 223 amino acids (aa) including a 25 aa signal peptide and a 198 aa mature protein with a cysteine-rich region (aa 26 ‑ 77) that interacts with BMPs and a C-terminal binding site for chordin (1, 3). Mouse TSG shares 98% aa identity with human, rat, canine, equine, bovine and porcine TSG. TSG can act as either an antagonist or an agonist for BMP signaling (1 ‑ 10). As an antagonist, the N-terminal domain of TSG can bind and inhibit BMP proteins directly, interfering with BMP receptor binding and activity (1, 4). Formation of a complex of TSG with chordin further enhances BMP inhibition (1, 4). As a BMP agonist, TSG promotes TLL-1 metalloproteinase cleavage of chordin to fragments that no longer inhibit BMP activity (3, 5). TSG effects on chordin are influenced by its concentration (2). TSG is widely expressed in the mouse embryo, and is co‑expressed with chordin and BMPs 2, 4 and 7 in the developing limbs (1). Mice lacking TSG show varying degrees of abnormality in bone, cartilage, forebrain, thymus and spleen, in part dependent on the mouse background (2, 5 ‑ 8). In bone, TSG participates with crossveinless-2 (CV-2) to create BMP activity gradients and limit osteoclast differentiation (6, 7). Postnatally, TSG is strongly expressed in growth plate cartilage where it limits collagen expression and enhances osteoblast differentiation and endochondral ossification (2, 4). TSG also modulates BMP and TGF-beta signaling in thymocytes, T cells and early erythrocytes (9 ‑ 11).
- Scott, I.C. et al. (2001) Nature 410:475.
- Gazzerro, E. et al. (2006) Bone 39:1252.
- Oelgeschlager, M. et al. (2003) Development 130:4047.
- Schmidl, M. et al. (2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281:31790.
- Zakin, L. and E.M. De Robertis (2004) Development 131:413.
- Sotillo Rodriguez, J.E. (2009) J. Bone Miner. Res. 24:1917.
- Zakin, L. et al. (2008) Dev. Biol. 323:6.
- Nosaka, T. et al. (2003) Mol. Cell. Biol. 23:2969.
- Graf, D. et al. (2002) J. Exp. Med. 196:163.
- Tzachanis, D. et al. (2007) Blood 109:2944.
- Tanno, T. et al. (2009) Blood 114:181.
Citations for Recombinant Mouse Twisted Gastrulation (TSG) Protein
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 4
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Reconstitution of morphogen shuttling circuits
Authors: Zhu, R;Santat, LA;Markson, JS;Nandagopal, N;Gregrowicz, J;Elowitz, MB;
Science advances
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Identification of TWSG1 as a second novel erythroid regulator of hepcidin expression in murine and human cells.
Authors: Tanno T, Porayette P, Sripichai O, Noh SJ, Byrnes C, Bhupatiraju A, Lee YT, Goodnough JB, Harandi O, Ganz T, Paulson RF, Miller JL
Blood, 2009-05-04;114(1):181-6.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Crossveinless-2 Is a BMP feedback inhibitor that binds Chordin/BMP to regulate Xenopus embryonic patterning.
Authors: Ambrosio AL, Taelman VF, Lee HX, Metzinger CA, Coffinier C, De Robertis EM
Dev. Cell, 2008-08-01;15(2):248-60.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
Applications: Binding Assay -
Regulation of ADMP and BMP2/4/7 at opposite embryonic poles generates a self-regulating morphogenetic field.
Authors: Reversade B, De Robertis EM
Cell, 2005-12-16;123(6):1147-60.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
Applications: Receptor Binding Assay
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