Testosterone Parameter Assay Kit Summary
Product Summary
Recovery
The recovery of Testosterone spiked to levels throughout the range of the assay in various matrices was evaluated.
Sample Type | Average % Recovery | Range % |
---|---|---|
Cell Culture Media (n=4) | 103 | 95-117 |
EDTA Plasma (n=4) | 94 | 85-107 |
Heparin Plasma (n=4) | 92 | 84-101 |
Serum (n=4) | 93 | 86-104 |
Linearity
Scientific Data
Product Datasheets
Preparation and Storage
Background: Testosterone
Testosterone is an important secreted androgen synthesized from cholesterol-derived pregnenolone. Circulating testosterone is predominantly bound to proteins, including specific sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and nonspecific proteins such as albumin. It is believed that bioavailable testosterone includes the free steroid and the albumin-bound form. Testosterone is the main androgen secreted by the Leydig cells of the testes and affects both primary and secondary sexual development.
Assay Procedure
Refer to the product- Prepare all reagents, standard dilutions, and samples as directed in the product insert.
- Remove excess microplate strips from the plate frame, return them to the foil pouch containing the desiccant pack, and reseal.
- Add 50 µL of Primary Antibody Solution to each well (except the non-specific binding (NSB) wells).
- Incubate at room temperature for 1 hour on a horizontal orbital microplate shaker.
- Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process 3 times for a total of 4 washes.
- Add 100 µL of Calibrator Diluent to the NSB wells.
- Add 100 µL of Calibrator Diluent to the zero standard (B0) wells.
- Add 100 µL of Standard, control, or sample to the remaining wells.
- Add 50 µL of Conjugate to each well. Cover with a plate sealer, and incubate at room temperature for 3 hours on the shaker.
- Add 200 µL Substrate Solution to each well. Incubate at room temperature for 30 minutes on the benchtop. PROTECT FROM LIGHT.
- Add 50 µL of Stop Solution to each well. Read at 450 nm within 30 minutes. Set wavelength correction to 540 nm or 570 nm.
Citations for Testosterone Parameter Assay Kit
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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LX1 Targets Androgen Receptor Variants and AKR1C3 to overcome Therapy Resistance in Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ning, S;Armstrong, CM;Xing, E;Leslie, AR;Gao, RY;Sharifi, M;Schaaf, ZA;Lou, W;Han, X;Xu, DH;Yang, R;Cheng, J;Mohammed, S;Mitsiades, N;Liu, C;Lombard, AP;Wu, CY;Cheng, X;Li, PK;Gao, AC;
Cancer research
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
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Small Molecule Cocktails Promote Fibroblast-to-Leydig-like Cell Conversion for Hypogonadism Therapy
Authors: Yuan, F;Bai, K;Hou, Y;Zou, X;Sun, J;
Pharmaceutics
Species: Mouse, Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates, Serum
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Eribulin mesylate induces bone mass loss by promoting osteoclastic bone resorption in mice
Authors: Ishizaka, T;Horiuchi, K;Kondo, S;Isaji, M;Nakagawa, T;Inoue, M;Rikitake, H;Taguchi, E;Susa, M;Yoda, M;Ono, T;Kozai, Y;Chiba, K;
Bone reports
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Effects of Ingesting Food Containing Heat-Killed Lactococcus lactis Strain Plasma on Fatigue and Immune-Related Indices after High Training Load: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, and Parallel-Group Study
Authors: Y Komano, K Fukao, K Shimada, H Naito, Y Ishihara, T Fujii, T Kokubo, H Daida
Nutrients, 2023-04-04;15(7):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Peroxiredoxin 5 regulates osteogenic differentiation through interaction with hnRNPK during bone regeneration
Authors: E Cho, X Che, MJ Ang, S Cheon, J Lee, KS Kim, CH Lee, SY Lee, HY Yang, C Moon, C Park, JY Choi, TH Lee
Elife, 2023-02-03;12(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Functional inhibition of deep brain non-visual opsins facilitates acute long day induction of reproductive recrudescence in male Japanese quail
Authors: JH Pérez, E Tolla, VR Bishop, RG Foster, SN Peirson, IC Dunn, SL Meddle, TJ Stevenson
Hormones and behavior, 2023-01-06;148(0):105298.
Species: Quail
Sample Types: Plasma
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Single-Cell RNAseq Resolve the Potential Effects of LanCL1 Gene in the Mouse Testis
Authors: J Lu, J Liao, M Qin, H Li, Q Zhang, Y Chen, J Cheng
Cells, 2022-12-19;11(24):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Agomelatine ameliorates cadmium-induced toxicity through the modification of HMGB-1/TLR-4/NFkappaB pathway
Authors: HM Hafez, S Waz, NFG El-Tahawy, MZ Mohamed
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2022-11-08;457(0):116313.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Serum
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Upregulation of the oestrogen target gene SIX1 is associated with higher growth speed and decreased survival in HCV-positive women with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: RM Critelli, F Milosa, A Romanzi, S Lasagni, G Marcelli, L Di Marco, A Pivetti, F Schepis, D Romagnoli, S Mancarella, F Dituri, ML Martinez-C, G Giannelli, E Villa
Oncology Letters, 2022-09-21;24(5):395.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Nestin-dependent mitochondria-ER contacts define stem Leydig cell differentiation to attenuate male reproductive ageing
Authors: S Yao, X Wei, W Deng, B Wang, J Cai, Y Huang, X Lai, Y Qiu, Y Wang, Y Guan, J Wang
Nature Communications, 2022-07-11;13(1):4020.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Gene therapy with AR isoform 2 rescues spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy phenotype by modulating AR transcriptional activity
Authors: WF Lim, M Forouhan, TC Roberts, J Dabney, R Elleringto, AA Speciale, R Manzano, M Lieto, G Sangha, S Banerjee, M Conceição, L Cravo, A Biscans, L Roux, N Pourshafie, C Grunseich, S Duguez, A Khvorova, M Pennuto, CJ Cortes, AR La Spada, KH Fischbeck, MJA Wood, C Rinaldi
Science Advances, 2021-08-20;7(34):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Endothelin-1 induces changes in the expression levels of steroidogenic enzymes and increases androgen receptor and testosterone production in the PC3 prostate cancer cell line
Authors: MJ Torres, F López-Monc, D Herrera, S Indo, A Lefian, P Llanos, J Tapia, EA Castellón, HR Contreras
Oncology reports, 2021-06-24;46(2):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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The dynamic changes of Nrf2 mediated oxidative stress, DNA damage and base excision repair in testis of rats during aging
Authors: H Zhao, L Song, N Ma, C Liu, Y Dun, Z Zhou, D Yuan, C Zhang
Experimental gerontology, 2021-06-24;152(0):111460.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
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Melatonin Alleviated Potassium Dichromate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Reprotoxicity in Male Rats
Authors: SAE Bashandy, H Ebaid, J Al-Tamimi, OA Ahmed-Fari, EA Omara, IM Alhazza
BioMed Research International, 2021-06-15;2021(0):3565360.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Plasma
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Adenine-induced chronic kidney disease induces a similar skeletal phenotype in male and female C57BL/6 mice with more severe deficits in cortical bone properties of male mice
Authors: CE Metzger, EA Swallow, AJ Stacy, MR Allen
PLoS ONE, 2021-04-23;16(4):e0250438.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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The androgen receptor/filamin A complex as a target in prostate cancer microenvironment
Authors: M Di Donato, A Zamagni, G Galasso, E Di Zazzo, P Giovannell, MV Barone, M Zanoni, R Gunelli, M Costantini, F Auricchio, A Migliaccio, A Tesei, G Castoria
Cell Death & Disease, 2021-01-26;12(1):127.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Microcystin-leucine arginine induced the apoptosis of GnRH neurons by activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress resulting in a decrease of serum testosterone level in mice
Authors: H Jin, J Hou, X Meng, T Ma, B Wang, Z Liu, X Sha, J Ding, X Han
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2020-12-10;208(0):111748.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Microbiota-dependent expansion of testicular IL-17-producing Vgamma6+ gammadelta T cells upon puberty promotes local tissue immune surveillance
Authors: A Wilharm, HC Brigas, I Sandrock, M Ribeiro, T Amado, A Reinhardt, A Demera, L Hoenicke, T Strowig, T Carvalho, I Prinz, JC Ribot
Mucosal Immunol, 2020-07-30;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Loss of p53 in mesenchymal stem cells promotes alteration of bone remodeling through negative regulation of osteoprotegerin
Authors: T Velletri, Y Huang, Y Wang, Q Li, M Hu, N Xie, Q Yang, X Chen, Q Chen, P Shou, Y Gan, E Candi, AP Margherita, M Agostini, H Yang, G Melino, Y Shi, Y Wang
Cell Death Differ., 2020-07-21;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Resistance Exercise in a Hot Environment Alters Serum Markers in Untrained Males
Authors: A Eskandari, M Fashi, A Saeidi, D Boullosa, I Laher, A Ben Abderr, G Jabbour, H Zouhal
Front Physiol, 2020-06-23;11(0):597.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Icariin Improves Age-Related Testicular Dysfunction by Alleviating Sertoli Cell Injury via Upregulation of the ERalpha/Nrf2-Signaling Pathway
Authors: H Zhao, X You, Q Chen, S Yang, Q Ma, Y He, C Liu, Y Dun, J Wu, C Zhang, D Yuan
Front Pharmacol, 2020-05-12;11(0):677.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
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Targeted Deletion of PTEN in Kisspeptin Cells Results in Brain Region- and Sex-Specific Effects on Kisspeptin Expression and Gonadotropin Release
Authors: AL Negrón, G Yu, U Boehm, M Acosta-Mar
Int J Mol Sci, 2020-03-19;21(6):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Plasma
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Development of Level A In Vitro-Vivo Correlation for Electrosprayed Microspheres Containing Leuprolide: Physicochemical, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation
Authors: DS Lee, DW Kang, GW Choi, HG Choi, HY Cho
Pharmaceutics, 2020-01-02;12(1):.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Plasma
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Impairment of learning and memory of mice offspring at puberty, young adulthood, and adulthood by low-dose Cd exposure during pregnancy and lactation via GABAAR ?5 and ? subunits
Authors: Q Zhao, L Gao, Q Liu, Y Cao, Y He, A Hu, W Chen, J Cao, C Hu, L Li, F Tao
Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 2018-10-01;166(0):336-344.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Testosterone represses urinary excretion of the alpha-tocopherol metabolite alpha-carboxymethylhydroxychroman in rats
Authors: N Fujita, A Takenaka
J. Nutr. Biochem., 2018-09-01;62(0):59-64.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Plasma
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Previously claimed male germline stem cells from porcine testis are actually progenitor Leydig cells
Authors: Y Bai, C Zhu, M Feng, H Wei, L Li, X Tian, Z Zhao, S Liu, N Ma, X Zhang, R Shi, C Fu, Z Wu, S Zhang
Stem Cell Res Ther, 2018-07-18;9(1):200.
Species: Porcine
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Serum cholesterol levels and tumor growth in a PTEN-null transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer
Authors: EH Allott, EM Masko, AR Freedland, E Macias, K Pelton, KR Solomon, EA Mostaghel, GV Thomas, SV Pizzo, MR Freeman, SJ Freedland
Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis., 2018-05-23;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Model for the Testosterone-Suppressive Effect of Leuprolide in Normal and Prostate Cancer Rats
Authors: DS Lee, SJ Kim, GW Choi, YB Lee, HY Cho
Molecules, 2018-04-15;23(4):.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Plasma
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Effect of speed endurance training and reduced training volume on running economy and single muscle fiber adaptations in trained runners
Authors: C Skovgaard, D Christians, PM Christense, NW Almquist, M Thomassen, J Bangsbo
Physiol Rep, 2018-02-01;6(3):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Reproductive Hormones and Their Receptors May Affect Lung Cancer
Authors: M Dou, K Zhu, Z Fan, Y Zhang, X Chen, X Zhou, X Ding, L Li, Z Gu, M Guo, M Yan, X Deng, P Shen, S Wang
Cell. Physiol. Biochem., 2017-11-30;44(4):1425-1434.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Testosterone in advance age: a New Zealand longitudinal cohort study: Life and Living in Advanced Age (Te Pu?waitanga o Ng? Tapuwae Kia Ora Tonu)
Authors: MJ Connolly, N Kerse, T Wilkinson, O Menzies, A Rolleston, YH Chong, JB Broad, SA Moyes, S Jatrana, R Teh
BMJ Open, 2017-11-12;7(11):e016572.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase 3 tunes the membrane status of germ cells by incorporating docosahexaenoic acid during spermatogenesis
Authors: Y Iizuka-His, D Hishikawa, J Sasaki, K Takubo, M Goto, K Nagata, H Nakanishi, H Shindou, T Okamura, C Ito, K Toshimori, T Sasaki, T Shimizu
J. Biol. Chem., 2017-06-03;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Phospholipase C-related but Catalytically Inactive Proteins Regulate Ovarian Follicle Development
Authors: M Matsuda, M Hirata
J. Biol. Chem., 2017-03-30;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Transplantation of CD51(+) stem Leydig cells: A new strategy for the treatment of testosterone deficiency
Authors: ZJ Zang, J Wang, Z Chen, Y Zhang, Y Gao, Z Su, Y Tuo, Y Liao, M Zhang, Q Yuan, C Deng, MH Jiang, AP Xiang
Stem Cells, 2017-03-05;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Effects of Microcystis on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal-Liver Axis in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: J Chen, S Meng, H Xu, Z Zhang, X Wu
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2017-02-24;0(0):.
Species: Fish - Oreochrmois niloticus (Tilapia)
Sample Types: Serum
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Effect of lipid metabolism on male fertility
Authors: N Kim, H Nakamura, H Masaki, K Kumasawa, KI Hirano, T Kimura
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 2017-02-22;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Effect of increased and maintained frequency of speed endurance training on performance and muscle adaptations in runners
Authors: Jens Bangsbo
J. Appl. Physiol., 2016-11-17;0(0):jap.00537.201.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Cutting edge: c-Kit signaling differentially regulates type 2 innate lymphoid cell accumulation and susceptibility to central nervous system demyelination in male and female SJL mice.
Authors: Russi A, Walker-Caulfield M, Ebel M, Brown M
J Immunol, 2015-05-13;194(12):5609-13.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Diet-induced obesity in male C57BL/6 mice decreases fertility as a consequence of disrupted blood-testis barrier.
Authors: Fan, Yong, Liu, Yue, Xue, Ke, Gu, Guobao, Fan, Weimin, Xu, Yali, Ding, Zhide
PLoS ONE, 2015-04-17;10(4):e0120775.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Alterations of bone density, microstructure, and strength of the distal radius in male patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a case-control study with HR-pQCT.
Authors: Zhu T, Griffith J, Qin L, Hung V, Fong T, Au S, Li M, Lam Y, Wong C, Kwok A, Leung P, Li E, Tam L
J Bone Miner Res, 2014-09-01;29(9):2118-29.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Inhibitor of differentiation 4 (ID4) inactivation promotes de novo steroidogenesis and castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Authors: Patel, Divya, Knowell, Ashley E, Korang-Yeboah, Maxwell, Sharma, Pankaj, Joshi, Jugal, Glymph, Shanora, Chinaranagari, Swathi, Nagappan, Peri, Palaniappan, Ravi, Bowen, Nathan J, Chaudhary, Jaideep
Mol Endocrinol, 2014-06-12;28(8):1239-53.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Osteopontin deletion prevents the development of obesity and hepatic steatosis via impaired adipose tissue matrix remodeling and reduced inflammation and fibrosis in adipose tissue and liver in mice.
Authors: Lancha A, Rodriguez A, Catalan V, Becerril S, Sainz N, Ramirez B, Burrell M, Salvador J, Fruhbeck G, Gomez-Ambrosi J
PLoS ONE, 2014-05-28;9(5):e98398.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Antagonistic effects of a mixture of low-dose nonylphenol and di-n-butyl phthalate (monobutyl phthalate) on the Sertoli cells and serum reproductive hormones in prepubertal male rats in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: Hu, Yang, Wang, Ruoyu, Xiang, Zou, Qian, Weiping, Han, Xiaodong, Li, Dongmei
PLoS ONE, 2014-03-27;9(3):e93425.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Serum
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Insulin-like 3-induced rat preantral follicular growth is mediated by growth differentiation factor 9.
Authors: Xue, Kai, Kim, Ji Young, Liu, Jia-yin, Tsang, Benjamin
Endocrinology, 2013-12-20;155(1):156-67.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Host-derived adiponectin is tumor-suppressive and a novel therapeutic target for multiple myeloma and the associated bone disease.
Authors: Fowler JA, Lwin ST, Drake MT
Blood, 2011-09-08;118(22):5872-82.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Endocrine responses during overnight recovery from exercise: impact of nutrition and relationships with muscle protein synthesis.
Authors: Betts JA, Beelen M, Stokes KA, Saris W HM, van Loon L JC
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 2011-08-10;21(5):398-409.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Inhibitor of DNA binding 4 is expressed selectively by single spermatogonia in the male germline and regulates the self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells in mice.
Authors: Oatley MJ, Kaucher AV, Racicot KE
Biol. Reprod., 2011-05-04;85(2):347-56.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Testosterone regulates cell proliferation in aggressive fibromatosis (desmoid tumour).
Authors: Hong H, Nadesan P, Poon R, Alman BA
Br. J. Cancer, 2011-04-05;104(9):1452-8.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Skeletal muscle myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein synthesis rates are affected differently by altitude-induced hypoxia in native lowlanders.
Authors: Holm L, Haslund ML, Robach P, van Hall G, Calbet JA, Saltin B, Lundby C
PLoS ONE, 2010-12-20;5(12):e15606.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Castration Differentially Alters Basal and Leucine-Stimulated Tissue Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue.
Authors: Jiao Q, Pruznak AM, Huber D, Vary TC, Lang CH
Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 2009-09-15;0(0):.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Plasma
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Inhibition of tumor growth progression by antiandrogens and mTOR inhibitor in a Pten-deficient mouse model of prostate cancer.
Authors: Zhang W, Zhu J, Efferson CL, Ware C, Tammam J, Angagaw M, Laskey J, Bettano KA, Kasibhatla S, Reilly JF, Sur C, Majumder PK
Cancer Res., 2009-09-08;69(18):7466-72.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Plasma
FAQs
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Does R&D Systems® Testosterone Parameter Assay Kit, Catalog # KGE010, detect free or total testosterone?
'Free' testosterone is typically defined as testosterone which is bioavailable, and not bound to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Interference testing performed by spiking SHBG into testosterone-containing samples, demonstrates interference in testosterone detection with Catalog # KGE010, when the concentration of SHBG is greater than 100 ng/ml. (For further details on interference testing, please refer to the "Specificity" section in the product insert.)
Assays for 'total' testosterone measure both 'free' testostrone as well as testosterone bound to SHBG. Since KGE010 does not detect testosterone bound to SHBG, this assay does not measure 'total' testosterone.
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Serum samples collected by saphenous bleeding from adult C57BL6 male mice