Human GPR56 Antibody Summary
Arg26-Val342
Accession # AAP35975
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Scientific Data
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Detection of Human GPR56 by Western Blot. Western blot shows lysates of human brain (cortex) tissue and human brain (hippocampus) tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Sheep Anti-Human GPR56 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF4634) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Sheep IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF016). A specific band was detected for GPR56 at approximately 65 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 8.
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Detection of GPR56 in Human Blood Lymphocytes by Flow Cytometry. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with (A) Sheep Anti-Human GPR56 Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF4634) or (B) control antibody (Catalog # 5-001-A), followed by Phycoerythrin-conjugated Anti-Sheep IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # F0126) and Mouse anti-Human CD56 APC-conjugated monoclonal antibody (Catalog # FAB2408A). View our protocol for Staining Membrane-associated Proteins.
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Detection of Human GPR56 by Simple WesternTM. Simple Western lane view shows lysates of human brain (motor cortex) tissue and SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell line, loaded at 0.2 mg/mL. A specific band was detected for GPR56 at approximately 116 kDa (as indicated) using 10 µg/mL of Sheep Anti-Human GPR56 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF4634) followed by 1:50 dilution of HRP-conjugated Anti-Sheep IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF016). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using the 12-230 kDa separation system. Non-specific interaction with the 230 kDa Simple Western standard may be seen with this antibody.
Reconstitution Calculator
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: GPR56
GPR56 is a member of the LN-TM7 family of adhesion-type 7-transmembrane (TM) G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) with long extracellular N-termini (1‑3). The 693 amino acid (aa) human GPR56 contains a 25 aa signal sequence, a 377 aa N-terminal extracellular domain (ECD) and seven TM regions separated by short intracellular and extracellular regions. Like other LN-TM7 members, the ECD contains a highly glycosylated mucin-like stalk followed by a GPCR proteolytic cleavage site (GPS) (1, 4). Cleavage of the 60 kDa N-terminus from the 80 kDa full length form is needed for efficient cell surface expression (5, 6). While the cleaved portion may remain non-covalently associated, it has also been found in conditioned medium of cultured cells (5). Human GPR56 shares 71%, 72%, 80%, 80% and 79% aa identity with mouse, rat, canine, equine, and bovine GPR56 within the cleaved ECD. A functional splice variant lacking the GPS site and a non-functional splice variant lacking portions of the TM domains have also been described (4). A human brain developmental disorder, bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria, is associated with GPR56 mutations that also show impaired GPS cleavage, intracellular trafficking, and expression at the cell surface (5). GPR56 is widely distributed, with highest mRNA or expressed sequence tag expression in brain, thyroid, skin and female reproductive system (3, 4). GPR56 expression is upregulated during cell transformation and is high in melanomas, glioblastomas and astrocytomas, but downregulated in melanomas with high metastatic potential (2, 6‑8). Although the function of GPR56 is not completely known, it is clearly an adhesion protein (6‑8). Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is one reported ligand, binding of which inhibits melanoma growth and metastasis (6). Association of GPR56 with the tetraspanin CD81 stabilizes its complex with Gaq/11 for cell signaling (9).
- Fredriksson, R. et al. (2002) FEBS Lett. 531:407.
- Zendman, A.J.W. et al. (1999) FEBS Lett. 446:292.
- Liu, M. et al. (1999) Genomics 55:296.
- Bjarnadottir, T.K. et al. (2007) Gene 387:38.
- Jin, Z. et al. (2007) Hum. Mol. Genet. 16:1972.
- Xu, L. et al. (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:9023.
- Shashidhar, S. et al. (2005) Oncogene 24:1673.
- Ke, N. et al. (2007) Mol. Cancer Ther. 6:1840.
- Little, K.D. et al. (2004) Mol. Biol. Cell 15:2375.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human GPR56 Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 4
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Mesenchymal Transglutaminase 2 Activates Epithelial ADAM17: Link to G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 56 (ADGRG1) Signalling
Authors: Bauer, L;Edwards, J;Heil, A;Dewitt, S;Biebermann, H;Aeschlimann, D;Knäuper, V;
International journal of molecular sciences
Species: Human
Sample Types: Amino Acid, BALF
Applications: ICC, Western Blot -
The tethered peptide activation mechanism of adhesion GPCRs
Authors: X Barros-Álv, RM Nwokonko, A Vizurraga, D Matzov, F He, MM Papasergi-, MJ Robertson, O Panova, EH Yardeni, AB Seven, FE Kwarcinski, H Su, MC Peroto, JG Meyerowitz, M Shalev-Ben, GG Tall, G Skiniotis
Nature, 2022-04-13;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Membrane Homogenates
Applications: Western Blot -
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors are activated by exposure of a cryptic tethered agonist.
Authors: Stoveken H, Hajduczok A, Xu L, Tall G
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2015-04-27;112(19):6194-9.
Species: Insect
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
GPR56 inhibits melanoma growth by internalizing and degrading its ligand TG2.
Authors: Yang L, Friedland S, Corson N, Xu L
Cancer Res, 2013-12-19;74(4):1022-31.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot
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