Human MxA/Mx1 Antibody

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
AF7946
AF7946-SP
Detection of Human MxA/Mx1 by Western Blot.
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Product Details
Citations (5)
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Human MxA/Mx1 Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity
Human
Specificity
Detects human MxA/Mx1 in direct ELISAs and Western blots.
Source
Polyclonal Goat IgG
Purification
Antigen Affinity-purified
Immunogen
E. coli-derived recombinant human MxA/Mx1
His412-Leu630
Accession # P20591
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
Label
Unconjugated

Applications

Recommended Concentration
Sample
Western Blot
1 µg/mL
See below
Immunohistochemistry
5-15 µg/mL
See below
Immunocytochemistry
1-15 µg/mL
See below

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Western Blot Detection of Human MxA/Mx1 antibody by Western Blot. View Larger

Detection of Human MxA/Mx1 by Western Blot. Western blot shows lysates of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) untreated (-) or treated (+) overnight with 20 µg/mL Recombinant Human IFN-a Universal Type I (Catalog # 11200-1) and 1 µg/mL LPS. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human MxA/Mx1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF7946) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF017). A specific band was detected for MxA/Mx1 at approximately 75 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.

Immunocytochemistry MxA/Mx1 antibody in Human PBMCs by Immunocytochemistry (ICC). View Larger

MxA/Mx1 in Human PBMCs. MxA/Mx1 was detected in immersion fixed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with IFN-alpha using Goat Anti-Human MxA/Mx1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF7946) at 1.7 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL001) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Specific staining was localized to cytoplasm. View our protocol for Fluorescent ICC Staining of Non-adherent Cells.

Immunohistochemistry MxA/Mx1 antibody in Human Thymus by Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P). View Larger

MxA/Mx1 in Human Thymus. MxA/Mx1 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human thymus using Goat Anti-Human MxA/Mx1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF7946) at 3 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Before incubation with the primary antibody, tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (Catalog # CTS013). Tissue was stained using the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to cytoplasm of thymocytes. View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.

Reconstitution Calculator

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Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution
Sterile PBS to a final concentration of 0.2 mg/mL.
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Shipping
Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: MxA/Mx1

MxA (orthoMyxovirus-resistant protein A; also IFN-induced protein p78/IFI-78K and Mx1) is a 75-78 kDa member of the Dynamin family, GTPase-binding superfamily of proteins.  It is induced by type I and III interferons, and is known to reside in the cytoplasm and associate with the membranes of the ER.  Typically, IFN-alpha is produced when influenza virus RNA (plus other viral dsDNA and RNA) is detected by internal Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).  IFN-alpha induces the synthesis of 300+ genes, one of which is MxA (Mx1 in mouse).  In primates, MxA is cytoplasmic, and interacts with the influenza virus replication cycle at a point proximal to the transcription of genomic RNA into mRNA. By contrast, Mx1 in mouse acts in the nucleus to block primary viral gene transcription.  Functionally, MxA is a GTPase, but it is only the binding of GTP to MxA that is associated with antiviral activity.  Nucleotide binding to MxA is also associated with nonviral activity, being associated with the potentiation of TRPC Ca2+ channel activity.  Human MxA is 662 amino acids (aa) in length.  It contains one GTPase domain (aa 69-340) and a GED (GTPase Effector Domain) over aa 574-662.  There are two ultilized phosphorylation sites at Tyr129 and Tyr451.  MxA forms homo-dimers, -tetramers and -oligomers, with multimerization suggested to be important for activity.  Although IFNs are typically considered to induce Mx gene expression, HSV-1 itself also activates gene transcription.  In this case, however, a truncated 54-57 kDa transcript is generated that contains an 84 aa substitution for aa 425-662. Over aa 412-630, human MxA shares 49% aa sequence identity with mouse Mx1.   

Long Name
Interferon-regulated Resistance GTP-binding protein MxA
Entrez Gene IDs
4599 (Human); 17857 (Mouse); 24575 (Rat)
Alternate Names
human interferon-regulated resistance GTP-binding protein MXA10IFI-78Khomolog of murine (interferon-inducibleprotein p78); IFI78; IFI-78K; Mx1; MxA; myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1, interferon-inducible protein p78(mouse)

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Citations for Human MxA/Mx1 Antibody

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

5 Citations: Showing 1 - 5
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  1. BAP1 maintains HIF-dependent interferon beta induction to suppress tumor growth in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
    Authors: Langbein LE, El Hajjar R, He S et al.
    Cancer letters
  2. Myxovirus Resistance Protein A Is a Useful Additional Histological Marker in Suspected Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus
    Authors: Wietske M. Lambers, Gilles F. H. Diercks, Femke M. Homan, Berber DOORNBOS-VAN DER MEER, Hendrika Bootsma, Johanna Westra et al.
    Acta Dermato Venereologica
  3. Rubella Virus Triggers Type I Interferon Antiviral Response in Cultured Human Neural Cells: Involvement in the Control of Viral Gene Expression and Infectious Progeny Production
    Authors: S Sakuragi, H Liao, K Yajima, S Fujiwara, H Nakamura
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-08-29;23(17):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  4. Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Proteins Inhibit Infection by the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus and the Related Rhesus Monkey Rhadinovirus in a Cell-Specific Manner
    Authors: BF Hörnich, AK Gro beta kopf, CJ Dcosta, S Schlagowsk, AS Hahn
    MBio, 2021-12-21;12(6):e0211321.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  5. Multiple tumor suppressors regulate a HIF-dependent negative feedback loop via ISGF3 in human clear cell renal cancer.
    Authors: Liao L, Liu ZZ, Langbein L et al.
    Elife.

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