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Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein

R&D Systems | Catalog # 240-B

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Key Product Details

  • R&D Systems CHO-derived Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein (240-B)
  • Quality control testing to verify active proteins with lot specific assays by in-house scientists
  • All R&D Systems proteins are covered with a 100% guarantee

Source

CHO

Accession Number

P01137.2

Structure / Form

Disulfide-linked homodimer

Applications

Bioactivity
View all TGF-beta 1 Proteins and Enzymes »

Product Specifications

Source

Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived human TGF-beta 1 protein
Ala279-Ser390

Purity

>97%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.

Endotoxin Level

<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

N-terminal Sequence Analysis

Ala279

Predicted Molecular Mass

12.8 kDa (monomer)

SDS-PAGE

12 kDa, reducing conditions
24 kDa, non-reducing conditions

Activity

Measured by its ability to inhibit the IL-4-dependent proliferation of HT‑2 mouse T cells. Tsang, M. et al. (1995) Cytokine 7:389.
The ED50 for this effect is 0.0400-0.200 ng/mL.

Reviewed Applications

Read 2 reviews rated 5 using 240-B in the following applications:

Scientific Data Images for Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein

Equivalent bioactivity of CHO-derived and HEK293-derived Recombinant Human TGF‑ beta 1.

Equivalent bioactivity of CHO-derived (Catalog # 240-B) and HEK293-derived (7754-BH) Recombinant Human TGF‑ beta 1 as measured by its ability to inhibit the IL-4-dependent proliferation of HT‑2 mouse T cell. (orange, green, respectively).

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Carrier Free
What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Carrier: 240-B
Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein.
Reconstitution Purified recombinant human TGF-beta 1 is an extremely hydrophobic protein that adheres strongly to surfaces. To ensure recovery, reconstitute 2 μg vials at 20 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl containing 1 mg/mL human or bovine serum albumin. Reconstitute 10 μg or larger vials at 100 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl containing 1 mg/mL human or bovine serum albumin. 
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Carrier Free: 240-B/CF
Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA.
Reconstitution Reconstitute 2 µg vials at 20 µg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. Reconstitute 10 µg or larger vials at 100 µg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Calculators

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Background: TGF-beta 1

TGF-beta 1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF-beta superfamily that share a characteristic cystine knot structure (1‑7). TGF-beta 1, -2 and -3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines that are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (1‑4). Each TGF-beta isoform has some non‑redundant functions; for TGF-beta 1, mice with targeted deletion show defects in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation, and die of overwhelming inflammation (2). Human TGF‑ beta 1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein (8). A furin‑like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N‑terminal 249 aa latency‑associated peptide (LAP) and a C‑terminal 112 aa mature TGF‑ beta 1 (8, 9). Disulfide‑linked homodimers of LAP and TGF‑ beta 1 remain non‑covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF‑ beta 1 complex (8‑10). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF‑ beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (9, 10). TGF‑ beta is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins (10). Mature human TGF‑ beta 1 shares 100% aa identity with pig, dog and cow TGF‑ beta 1, and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and horse TGF‑ beta 1. It demonstrates cross‑species activity (1). TGF‑ beta 1 signaling begins with high‑affinity binding to a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGF‑ beta RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a second ser/thr kinase receptor, TGF‑ beta RI (also called activin receptor‑like kinase (ALK) ‑5), or alternatively, ALK‑1. This complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription (3, 11, 12). Contributions of the accessory receptors betaglycan (also known as TGF‑ beta  RIII) and endoglin, or use of Smad‑independent signaling pathways, allow for disparate actions observed in response to TGF‑ beta in different contexts (11).

References

  1. Derynck, R. and K. Miyazono (2008) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 29.
  2. Dunker, N. and K. Krieglstein (2000) Eur. J. Biochem. 267:6982.
  3. Wahl, S.M. (2006) Immunol. Rev. 213:213.
  4. Chang, H. et al. (2002) Endocr. Rev. 23:787.
  5. Lin, J.S. et al. (2006) Reproduction 132:179.
  6. Hinck, A.P. et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35:8517.
  7. Mittl, P.R.E. et al. (1996) Protein Sci. 5:1261.
  8. Derynck, R. et al. (1985) Nature 316:701.
  9. Miyazono, K. et al. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263:6407.
  10. Oklu, R. and R. Hesketh (2000) Biochem. J. 352:601.
  11. de Caestecker, M. et al. (2004) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15:1.
  12. Zuniga, J.E. et al. (2005) J. Mol. Biol. 354:1052.

Long Name

Transforming Growth Factor beta 1

Alternate Names

TGF beta1, TGFB, TGFB1, TGFbeta 1

Entrez Gene IDs

7040 (Human); 21803 (Mouse); 59086 (Rat); 397078 (Porcine); 100033900 (Equine)

Gene Symbol

TGFB1

UniProt

P01137.2

Additional TGF-beta 1 Products

Product Documents for Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein

Certificate of Analysis

To download a Certificate of Analysis, please enter a lot or batch number in the search box below.

Note: Certificate of Analysis not available for kit components.

Download SDS 240-B (with carrier)
Download SDS 240-B/CF (carrier free)

Product Specific Notices for Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein

For research use only

Citations for Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein

Customer Reviews for Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein (2)

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2 Customer Ratings
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  • Good for HDF activation
    Name: Anonymous
    Application: In vitro bioactivity in cell culture
    Verified Customer | Posted 03/03/2026
    Activated HDFs with this.
  • Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein
    Name: Anonymous
    Application: Cell Proliferation
    Verified Customer | Posted 07/11/2025

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FAQs for Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein

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  • Q: Can Recombinant Human TGF beta 1 Protein (Catalog # 240-B or 240-B/CF) be reconstituted in PBS or water?

    A: Recombinant Human TGF beta 1 Protein (Catalog # 240-B or 240-B/CF) needs to be reconstituted to 100 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl containing 0.1% BSA or 4 mM HCl. This protein is hydrophobic by nature, so it requires an acidic buffer for reconstitution to go completely into solution. Stability testing has been evaluated on the protein with these reconstitution conditions; we can guarantee performance under these reconstitution conditions. When the protein is diluted with the cell culture media or buffers to the working concentration, the concentration of the acid should be buffered or negligible.

  • Q: Has the half-life of recombinant human TGF beta 1 been determined?

    A: While our Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein has been evaluated for bioactivity, the half-life of a specific protein will depend on experimental conditions, including the cell number, density, and media content. It is up to the end-user to determine the appropriate concentration and timing when adding Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein to individual experiments. For techniques and methodologies, we recommend reviewing our list of publications under the Citations tab on the product-specific web page to find reported use of our products in similar experimental layouts.

  • Q: Is the Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein (Catalog # 240-B) supplied as the active or latent form?

    A: Human TGF-beta 1 is latent when it is bound to another protein, the latency-associated peptide (LAP), but it is active when it is not bound to this peptide. Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein (Catalog # 240-B) contains only the TGF-beta 1 protein (without LAP), thus it is supplied as the active form of TGF-beta 1.

  • Q: Will Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 support the maintenance of either human or non-human cultured cells?

    A: TGF-beta 1 performs multiple cellular functions, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.  It would be necessary to determine the specific conditions for cell growth/proliferation for the cells being cultured.

  • Q: Can Recombinant Human TGF beta 1 Protein (Catalog # 240-B or 240-B/CF) be reconstituted in PBS or water?

    A: Recombinant Human TGF beta 1 Protein (Catalog # 240-B or 240-B/CF) needs to be reconstituted to 100 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl containing 0.1% BSA or 4 mM HCl. This protein is hydrophobic by nature, so it requires an acidic buffer for reconstitution to go completely into solution. Stability testing has been evaluated on the protein with these reconstitution conditions; we can guarantee performance under these reconstitution conditions. When the protein is diluted with the cell culture media or buffers to the working concentration, the concentration of the acid should be buffered or negligible.

  • Q: Has the half-life of recombinant human TGF beta 1 been determined?

    A: While our Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein has been evaluated for bioactivity, the half-life of a specific protein will depend on experimental conditions, including the cell number, density, and media content. It is up to the end-user to determine the appropriate concentration and timing when adding Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein to individual experiments. For techniques and methodologies, we recommend reviewing our list of publications under the Citations tab on the product-specific web page to find reported use of our products in similar experimental layouts.

  • Q: Is the Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein (Catalog # 240-B) supplied as the active or latent form?

    A: Human TGF-beta 1 is latent when it is bound to another protein, the latency-associated peptide (LAP), but it is active when it is not bound to this peptide. Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein (Catalog # 240-B) contains only the TGF-beta 1 protein (without LAP), thus it is supplied as the active form of TGF-beta 1.

  • Q: Will Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 support the maintenance of either human or non-human cultured cells?

    A: TGF-beta 1 performs multiple cellular functions, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.  It would be necessary to determine the specific conditions for cell growth/proliferation for the cells being cultured.

  • Q: Can Recombinant Human TGF beta 1 Protein (Catalog # 240-B or 240-B/CF) be reconstituted in PBS or water?

    A: Recombinant Human TGF beta 1 Protein (Catalog # 240-B or 240-B/CF) needs to be reconstituted to 100 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl containing 0.1% BSA or 4 mM HCl. This protein is hydrophobic by nature, so it requires an acidic buffer for reconstitution to go completely into solution. Stability testing has been evaluated on the protein with these reconstitution conditions; we can guarantee performance under these reconstitution conditions. When the protein is diluted with the cell culture media or buffers to the working concentration, the concentration of the acid should be buffered or negligible.

  • Q: Has the half-life of recombinant human TGF beta 1 been determined?

    A: While our Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein has been evaluated for bioactivity, the half-life of a specific protein will depend on experimental conditions, including the cell number, density, and media content. It is up to the end-user to determine the appropriate concentration and timing when adding Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein to individual experiments. For techniques and methodologies, we recommend reviewing our list of publications under the Citations tab on the product-specific web page to find reported use of our products in similar experimental layouts.

  • Q: Is the Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein (Catalog # 240-B) supplied as the active or latent form?

    A: Human TGF-beta 1 is latent when it is bound to another protein, the latency-associated peptide (LAP), but it is active when it is not bound to this peptide. Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein (Catalog # 240-B) contains only the TGF-beta 1 protein (without LAP), thus it is supplied as the active form of TGF-beta 1.

  • Q: Will Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 support the maintenance of either human or non-human cultured cells?

    A: TGF-beta 1 performs multiple cellular functions, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.  It would be necessary to determine the specific conditions for cell growth/proliferation for the cells being cultured.

  • Q: Can Recombinant Human TGF beta 1 Protein (Catalog # 240-B or 240-B/CF) be reconstituted in PBS or water?

    A: Recombinant Human TGF beta 1 Protein (Catalog # 240-B or 240-B/CF) needs to be reconstituted to 100 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl containing 0.1% BSA or 4 mM HCl. This protein is hydrophobic by nature, so it requires an acidic buffer for reconstitution to go completely into solution. Stability testing has been evaluated on the protein with these reconstitution conditions; we can guarantee performance under these reconstitution conditions. When the protein is diluted with the cell culture media or buffers to the working concentration, the concentration of the acid should be buffered or negligible.

  • Q: Has the half-life of recombinant human TGF beta 1 been determined?

    A: While our Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein has been evaluated for bioactivity, the half-life of a specific protein will depend on experimental conditions, including the cell number, density, and media content. It is up to the end-user to determine the appropriate concentration and timing when adding Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein to individual experiments. For techniques and methodologies, we recommend reviewing our list of publications under the Citations tab on the product-specific web page to find reported use of our products in similar experimental layouts.

  • Q: Is the Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein (Catalog # 240-B) supplied as the active or latent form?

    A: Human TGF-beta 1 is latent when it is bound to another protein, the latency-associated peptide (LAP), but it is active when it is not bound to this peptide. Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein (Catalog # 240-B) contains only the TGF-beta 1 protein (without LAP), thus it is supplied as the active form of TGF-beta 1.

  • Q: Will Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 support the maintenance of either human or non-human cultured cells?

    A: TGF-beta 1 performs multiple cellular functions, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.  It would be necessary to determine the specific conditions for cell growth/proliferation for the cells being cultured.

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