Home / DREADD Activators / Clozapine N-oxide

Clozapine N-oxide

Catalog #: 4936
139 Citations 6 Reviews Datasheet / COA / SDS
Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
4936/10
4936/50
Clozapine N-oxide | CAS No. 34233-69-7 | DREADD Activators
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Description: Activator of hM3Dq and hM4Di DREADDs
Alternative Names: CNO

Chemical Name: 8-Chloro-11-(4-methyl-4-oxido-1-piperazinyl)-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine

Purity: ≥99%

Product Details
Citations (139)
Supplemental Products
Reviews (6)
Biological Activity Technical Data Background Product Datasheets Calculators

Biological Activity

Clozapine N-oxide is a synthetic ligand for human muscarinic engineered receptors, designer receptors activated by designer drugs (DREADD). Binds and activates hM3Dq and hM4Di DREADDs in vitro and in vivo. Metabolite of Clozapine (Cat. No. 0444). Shown to be a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump substrate.

Example Applications of Clozapine N-oxide (CNO):

  • Silences hippocampal neurons expressing hM4Di DREADDs in vitro
  • Inhibits locomotor activity of mice expressing hM3Dq in GABAergic VTA neurons
  • Inhibits short term memory retrieval in mice expressing hM4Di in hippocampal neurons
  • Induces heat and mechanical hypersensitivity in mice expressing hM4Di in enkephalinergic neurons in the right lumbar dorsal horn
  • Inhibits markers of social aggression in mice expressing hM4Di in hippocampal CA2 neurons

Alternative potent and selective hM3Dq and hM4Di DREADD agonists available: Deschloroclozapine and DREADD agonist 21

Water soluble salt also available.

This product contains 1 molar equivalent of ethanol.

Technical Data

M.Wt:
342.82
Formula:
C18H19ClN4O
Solubility:
Soluble to 20 mM in DMSO
Purity:
≥99%
Storage:
Store at RT
CAS No:
34233-69-7

The technical data provided above is for guidance only. For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.

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Citations for Clozapine N-oxide

The citations listed below are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for Clozapine N-oxide include:

139 Citations: Showing 1 - 10

  1. Arc-Expressing Accessory Olfactory Bulb Interneurons Support Chemosensory Social Behavioral Plasticity.
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    J Neurosci  2023;43:1178-1190
  2. Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1-expressing vagus nerve fibers mediate IL-1� induced hypothermia and reflex anti-inflammatory responses
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    Mol Med  2023;29:4
  3. Presynaptic Gq-coupled receptors drive biphasic dopamine transporter trafficking that modulates dopamine clearance and motor function.
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    J Biol Chem  2023;299:102900
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    Nat Neurosci  2023;26:579-593
  5. Serotonergic neurons control cortical neuronal intracellular energy dynamics by modulating astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle.
    Authors: Haruo Et al.
    iScience  2023;26:105830
  6. DDC-Promoter-Driven Chemogenetic Activation of SNpc Dopaminergic Neurons Alleviates Parkinsonian Motor Symptoms.
    Authors: Soo-Jin Et al.
    Int J Mol Sci  2023;24
  7. Denervated mouse CA1 pyramidal neurons express homeostatic synaptic plasticity following entorhinal cortex lesion.
    Authors: Han Et al.
    Front Mol Neurosci  2023;16:1148219
  8. Orexinergic neurons modulate stress coping responses in mice.
    Authors: Bong-June Et al.
    Front Mol Neurosci  2023;16:1140672
  9. Auts2 deletion involves in DG hypoplasia and social recognition deficit: The developmental and neural circuit mechanisms.
    Authors: Tian Et al.
    Sci Adv  2022;8:eabk1238
  10. Mapping and targeted viral activation of pancreatic nerves in mice reveal their roles in the regulation of glucose metabolism.
    Authors: R Et al.
    Nat Biomed Eng  2022;6:1298-1316
  11. High fat diet blunts stress-induced hypophagia and activation of Glp1r dorsal lateral septum neurons in male but not in female mice.
    Authors: Danny G Et al.
    Mol Metab  2022;64:101571
  12. Distinct Contribution of Granular and Agranular Subdivisions of the Retrosplenial Cortex to Remote Contextual Fear Memory Retrieval.
    Authors: Tsung-Chih Et al.
    J Neurosci  2022;42:877-893
  13. Dynamic interplay between thalamic activity and Cajal-Retzius cells regulates the wiring of cortical layer 1.
    Authors: Sonia Et al.
    Cell Rep  2022;39:110667
  14. Hypothalamic pregnenolone mediates recognition memory in the context of metabolic disorders.
    Authors: Rubén Et al.
    Cell Metab  2022;34:269-284.e9
  15. Hypothalamic AgRP neurons exert top-down control on systemic TNF-α release during endotoxemia.
    Authors: Simon M Et al.
    Curr Biol  2022;32:4699-4706.e4
  16. Median raphe region GABAergic neurons contribute to social interest in mouse.
    Authors: Dora Et al.
    Life Sci  2022;289:120223
  17. High-fat diet induces depression-like phenotype via astrocyte-mediated hyperactivation of ventral hippocampal glutamatergic afferents to the nucleus accumbens.
    Authors: Shun-Fen Et al.
    Mol Psychiatry  2022;27:4372-4384
  18. Why do mice squeak? Toward a better understanding of defensive vocalization.
    Authors: Carsten T Et al.
    iScience  2022;25:104657
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    Int J Mol Sci  2022;23
  20. Microglia modulate blood flow, neurovascular coupling, and hypoperfusion via purinergic actions.
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    J Exp Med  2022;219
  21. Control of mammalian locomotion by ventral spinocerebellar tract neurons.
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    Cell  2022;185:328-344.e26
  22. Parvalbumin Neurons in Zona Incerta Regulate Itch in Mice.
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    Front Mol Neurosci  2022;15:843754
  23. Targeted activation of midbrain neurons restores locomotor function in mouse models of parkinsonism.
    Authors: Ole Et al.
    Nat Commun  2022;13:504
  24. Chemogenetic stimulation of the Gi pathway in astrocytes suppresses neuroinflammation.
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    Pharmacol Res Perspect  2021;9:e00822
  25. A neural substrate of compulsive alcohol use.
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    Sci Adv  2021;7
  26. Presymptomatic training mitigates functional deficits in a mouse model of Rett syndrome.
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    Nature  2021;592:596-600
  27. A functional map for diverse forelimb actions within brainstem circuitry.
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    Nature  2021;590:445-450
  28. Somatostatin neurons of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis enhance associative fear memory consolidation in mice.
    Authors: Bruzsik Et al.
    J Neurosci  2021;41:1982
  29. Projections from Infralimbic Cortex to Paraventricular Thalamus Mediate Fear Extinction Retrieval.
    Authors: Lei Et al.
    Neurosci Bull  2021;37:229-241
  30. Lateral hypothalamic LEPR neurons drive appetitive but not consummatory behaviors.
    Authors: Sarah Et al.
    Cell Rep  2021;36:109615
  31. Identification of a population of peripheral sensory neurons that regulates blood pressure.
    Authors: Morelli Et al.
    Cell Rep  2021;35
  32. Top-down control of conditioned overconsumption is mediated by insular cortex Nos1 neurons.
    Authors: Sarah A Et al.
    Cell Metab  2021;33:1418-1432.e6
  33. Thalamic input to motor cortex facilitates goal-directed action initiation.
    Authors: Naoya Et al.
    Curr Biol  2021;31:4148-4155.e4
  34. Hypothalamic control of interoceptive hunger.
    Authors: Sarah Et al.
    Curr Biol  2021;31:3797-3809.e5
  35. Oxytocin shapes spontaneous activity patterns in the developing visual cortex by activating somatostatin interneurons.
    Authors: Maldonado Et al.
    Curr Biol  2021;31:322
  36. Ventro-dorsal Hippocampal Pathway Gates Novelty-Induced Contextual Memory Formation.
    Authors: Ryuichi Et al.
    Curr Biol  2021;31:25-38.e5
  37. Enhancing mask activity in dopaminergic neurons extends lifespan in flies.
    Authors: Xiaolin Et al.
    Aging Cell  2021;20:e13493
  38. Neurochemically distinct populations of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis modulate innate fear response to weak threat evoked by predator odor stimuli.
    Authors: Máté Et al.
    Neurobiol Stress  2021;15:100415
  39. Chronic chemogenetic stimulation of the anterior olfactory nucleus reduces newborn neuron survival in the adult mouse olfactory bulb.
    Authors: Chris Et al.
    J Neurochem  2021;158:1186-1198
  40. Gut-innervating TRPV1+ Neurons Drive Chronic Visceral Pain via Microglial P2Y12 Receptor.
    Authors: Gerald W Et al.
    Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol  2021;13:977-999
  41. Hunger-promoting AgRP neurons trigger an astrocyte-mediated feed-forward autoactivation loop in mice.
    Authors: Luis Et al.
    J Clin Invest  2021;131
  42. PDX1LOW MAFALOW β-cells contribute to islet function and insulin release.
    Authors: Qiao Et al.
    Nat Commun  2021;12:674
  43. NTS Prlh overcomes orexigenic stimuli and ameliorates dietary and genetic forms of obesity.
    Authors: David P Et al.
    Nat Commun  2021;12:5175
  44. Locomotor deficits in a mouse model of ALS are paralleled by loss of V1-interneuron connections onto fast motor neurons.
    Authors: Peter Et al.
    Nat Commun  2021;12:3251
  45. Efferent feedback controls bilateral auditory spontaneous activity.
    Authors: Lei Et al.
    Nat Commun  2021;12:2449
  46. Specific and behaviorally consequential astrocyte Gq GPCR signaling attenuation in vivo with iβARK.
    Authors: Giovanni Et al.
    Neuron  2021;109:2256-2274.e9
  47. Loss of nigral excitation of cholinergic interneurons contributes to parkinsonian motor impairments.
    Authors: Jason Et al.
    Neuron  2021;109:1137-1149.e5
  48. An excitatory lateral hypothalamic circuit orchestrating pain behaviors in mice.
    Authors: Alfred J Et al.
    Elife  2021;10
  49. A bidirectional corticoamygdala circuit for the encoding and retrieval of detailed reward memories.
    Authors: Carlos Et al.
    Elife  2021;10
  50. Loss of cortical control over the descending pain modulatory system determines the development of the neuropathic pain state in rats.
    Authors: Richard Et al.
    Elife  2021;10
  51. ARCGHR Neurons Regulate Muscle Glucose Uptake.
    Authors: Alan C Et al.
    Cells  2021;10
  52. tTARGIT AAVs mediate the sensitive and flexible manipulation of intersectional neuronal populations in mice.
    Authors: Jonathan N Et al.
    Elife  2021;10
  53. Corticothalamic gating of population auditory thalamocortical transmission in mouse.
    Authors: Matthew I Et al.
    Elife  2021;10
  54. Chronic postnatal chemogenetic activation of forebrain excitatory neurons evokes persistent changes in mood behavior
    Authors: Pati Et al.
    ELife  2020;9
  55. Defective memory engram reactivation underlies impaired fear memory recall in Fragile X syndrome.
    Authors: Yu-Tien Et al.
    Elife  2020;9
  56. Probabilistic, spinally-gated control of bladder pressure and autonomous micturition by Barrington's nucleus CRH neurons.
    Authors: Hiroki Et al.
    Elife  2020;9
  57. A limbic circuit selectively links active escape to food suppression.
    Authors: Lisa E Et al.
    Elife  2020;9
  58. Chronic hM3Dq signaling in microglia ameliorates neuroinflammation in male mice.
    Authors: Wei-Yang Et al.
    Brain Behav Immun  2020;88:791-801
  59. Modular, Circuit-Based Interventions Rescue Hippocampal-Dependent Social and Spatial Memory in a 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Mouse Model.
    Authors: Stewart A Et al.
    Biol Psychiatry  2020;88:710-718
  60. Value-guided remapping of sensory cortex by lateral orbitofrontal cortex.
    Authors: Jasper Et al.
    Nature  2020;585:245-250
  61. In vivo electrophysiological validation of DREADD-based inhibition of pallidal neurons in the non-human primate.
    Authors: Deffains Et al.
    Eur J Neurosci  2020;53:2192
  62. Leptin receptor-expressing nucleus tractus solitarius neurons suppress food intake independently of GLP1 in mice.
    Authors: Martin G Et al.
    JCI Insight  2020;5
  63. Dynamic Changes in the Bridging Collaterals of the Basal Ganglia Circuitry Control Stress-Related Behaviors in Mice.
    Authors: Se-Young Et al.
    Mol Cells  2020;43:360-372
  64. Developmental Phase Transitions in Spatial Organization of Spontaneous Activity in Postnatal Barrel Cortex Layer 4.
    Authors: Masahiro Et al.
    J Neurosci  2020;40:7637-7650
  65. Chemogenetic Modulation and Single-Photon Calcium Imaging in Anterior Cingulate Cortex Reveal a Mechanism for Effort-Based Decisions
    Authors: Hart Et al.
    J Neurosci  2020;40:5628
  66. Specific Hippocampal Interneurons Shape Consolidation of Recognition Memory.
    Authors: Filippo Et al.
    Cell Rep  2020;32:108046
  67. Social Behavior Is Modulated by Valence-Encoding mPFC-Amygdala Sub-circuitry.
    Authors: Wen-Chin Et al.
    Cell Rep  2020;32:107899
  68. Calcitonin Receptor Neurons in the Mouse Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Control Energy Balance via the Non-aversive Suppression of Feeding.
    Authors: Martin G Et al.
    Cell Metab  2020;31:301-312.e5
  69. Brain Circuit of Claustrophobia-like Behavior in Mice Identified by Upstream Tracing of Sighing.
    Authors: Peng Et al.
    Cell Rep  2020;31:107779
  70. A Sparse, Spatially Biased Subtype of Mature Granule Cell Dominates Recruitment in Hippocampal-Associated Behaviors.
    Authors: Mark S Et al.
    Cell Rep  2020;31:107551
  71. Gαs directly drives PDZ-RhoGEF signaling to Cdc42.
    Authors: J Silvio Et al.
    J Biol Chem  2020;295:16920-16928
  72. Brainstem neurons that command mammalian locomotor asymmetries.
    Authors: Cregg Et al.
    Nat Neurosci  2020;23:730
  73. Enhancement of Drug Seeking Following Drug Taking in a Sexual Context Requires Anterior Cingulate Cortex Activity in Male Rats.
    Authors: Lique M Et al.
    Front Behav Neurosci  2020;14:87
  74. Neuronal activity modulates alpha-synuclein aggregation and spreading in organotypic brain slice cultures and in vivo.
    Authors: John Q Et al.
    Acta Neuropathol  2020;140:831-849
  75. Activation of G-Protein Coupled Receptor-Gαi Signaling Increases Keratinocyte Proliferation and Reduces Differentiation, Leading to Epidermal Hyperplasia.
    Authors: J Silvio Et al.
    J Invest Dermatol  2020;140:1195-1203.e3
  76. Gabapentinoid treatment promotes corticospinal plasticity and regeneration following murine spinal cord injury.
    Authors: Juan Et al.
    J Clin Invest  2020;130:345-358
  77. Anatomically and functionally distinct locus coeruleus efferents mediate opposing effects on anxiety-like behavior
    Authors: Borodovitsyna Et al.
    Neurobiology of Stress  2020;13
  78. Distinct CCK-positive SFO neurons are involved in persistent or transient suppression of water intake.
    Authors: Takeshi Y Et al.
    Nat Commun  2020;11:5692
  79. Polysynaptic inhibition between striatal cholinergic interneurons shapes their network activity patterns in a dopamine-dependent manner.
    Authors: Dorst Et al.
    Nat Commun  2020;11:5113
  80. Dissociable mesolimbic dopamine circuits control responding triggered by alcohol-predictive discrete cues and contexts.
    Authors: Ivan Et al.
    Nat Commun  2020;11:3764
  81. Context-Specific Striatal Astrocyte Molecular Responses Are Phenotypically Exploitable.
    Authors: Giovanni Et al.
    Neuron  2020;108:1146-1162.e10
  82. Region-Specific Transcriptional Control of Astrocyte Function Oversees Local Circuit Activities.
    Authors: Benjamin Et al.
    Neuron  2020;106:992-1008.e9
  83. Astroglia in lateral habenula is essential for antidepressant efficacy of light
    Authors: Delcourte Et al.
    BioRXiv - not yet peer reviewed  2020;
  84. Sodium regulates clock time and output via an excitatory GABAergic pathway.
    Authors: Gizowski & Bourque Et al.
    Nature  2020;
  85. Distinct roles of striatal direct and indirect pathways in value-based decision making.
    Authors: Shinae Et al.
    Elife  2019;8
  86. Anterior cingulate cortex modulates the affective-motivative dimension of hyperosmolality-induced thirst.
    Authors: Ma Et al.
    J Physiol  2019;597:4851
  87. Prefrontal Theta Oscillations Promote Selective Encoding of Behaviorally Relevant Events.
    Authors: Jarovi Et al.
    Eneuro  2019;5
  88. Galanin Neurons Unite Sleep Homeostasis and α2-Adrenergic Sedation
    Authors: Ma Et al.
    Curr Biol  2019;29:3315
  89. Oxytocin Signaling in the Central Amygdala Modulates Emotion Discrimination in Mice.
    Authors: Laura Et al.
    Curr Biol  2019;29:1938-1953.e6
  90. Gβγ signaling to the chemotactic effector P-REX1 and mammalian cell migration is directly regulated by Gαq and Gα13 proteins.
    Authors: J Silvio Et al.
    J Biol Chem  2019;294:531-546
  91. Maladaptive Downregulation of Autonomous Subthalamic Nucleus Activity following the Loss of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons
    Authors: McIver Et al.
    Cell Rep  2019;28:992
  92. Recruitment of Spinoparabrachial Neurons by Dorsal Horn Calretinin Neurons.
    Authors: Jeffrey S Et al.
    Cell Rep  2019;28:1429-1438.e4
  93. Activation of Astrocytic μ-Opioid Receptor Causes Conditioned Place Preference
    Authors: Nam Et al.
    Cell Rep  2019;28:1154
  94. Routing Hippocampal Information Flow through Parvalbumin Interneuron Plasticity in Area CA2.
    Authors: Nasrallah Et al.
    Cell Rep  2019;27:86
  95. Illuminating G-Protein-Coupling Selectivity of GPCRs.
    Authors: J Silvio Et al.
    Cell  2019;177:1933-1947.e25
  96. Hyperactivity with Disrupted Attention by Activation of an Astrocyte Synaptogenic Cue.
    Authors: Giovanni Et al.
    Cell  2019;177:1280-1292.e20
  97. Remotely controlled chemomagnetic modulation of targeted neural circuits.
    Authors: Yang Et al.
    Nat Nanotechnol  2019;14:967-973
  98. Chemogenetic Activation of Adrenocortical Gq Signaling Causes Hyperaldosteronism and Disrupts Functional Zonation.
    Authors: Taylor Et al.
    J Clin Invest  2019;130:83
  99. Cholinergic neural activity directs retinal layer-specific angiogenesis and blood retinal barrier formation.
    Authors: Weiner Et al.
    Nat Commun  2019;10:2477
  100. Adenosine triphosphate is co-secreted with glucagon-like peptide-1 to modulate intestinal enterocytes and afferent neurons.
    Authors: Lu Et al.
    Nat.commun.  2019;10:1029
  101. Natural and Drug Rewards Engage Distinct Pathways that Converge on Coordinated Hypothalamic and Reward Circuits.
    Authors: J Nicholas Et al.
    Neuron  2019;103:891-908.e6
  102. A hippocampal circuit linking dorsal CA2 to ventral CA1 critical for social memory dynamics.
    Authors: Meira Et al.
    Nat.Commun.  2018;9:4163
  103. Reducing Astrocyte Calcium Signaling In Vivo Alters Striatal Microcircuits and Causes Repetitive Behavior.
    Authors: Christopher J Et al.
    Neuron  2018;99:1170-1187.e9
  104. The role of calretinin-expressing granule cells in olfactory bulb functions and odor behavior.
    Authors: Hardy Et al.
    Sci Rep  2018;8:9385
  105. Dynamic interaction of local and transhemispheric networks is necessary for progressive intensification of hippocampal seizures.
    Authors: Berglind Et al.
    Sci Rep  2018;8:5669
  106. Cholinergic neurons in medial septum maintain anxiety-like behaviors induced by chronic inflammatory pain.
    Authors: Jiang Et al.
    Neurosci Letts  2018;671:7
  107. A circuit from hippocampal CA2 to lateral septum disinhibits social aggression.
    Authors: Leroy Et al.
    Nature  2018;564:213
  108. Parallel Arousal Pathways in the Lateral Hypothalamus.
    Authors: Heiss Et al.
    Eneuro  2018;5
  109. Kisspeptin neurones in the posterodorsal medial amygdala modulate sexual partner preference and anxiety in male mice.
    Authors: Adekunbi Et al.
    J Neuroendocrinol  2018;30:e12572
  110. Excitatory Pathways from the Lateral Habenula Enable Propofol-Induced Sedation.
    Authors: Gelegen Et al.
    Curr Biol  2018;28:580
  111. A Neuronal Hub Binding Sleep Initiation and Body Cooling in Response to a Warm External Stimulus.
    Authors: Harding Et al.
    Curr Biol  2018;28:2263
  112. Activity-Dependent Netrin-1 Secretion Drives Synaptic Insertion of GluA1-Containing AMPA Receptors in the Hippocampus.
    Authors: Glasgow Et al.
    Cell Rep  2018;25:168
  113. The Basolateral Amygdala Is Essential for Rapid Escape: A Human and Rodent Study.
    Authors: Terburg Et al.
    Cell  2018;175:723
  114. Astrocytic Activation Generates De Novo Neuronal Potentiation and Memory Enhancement.
    Authors: Adamsky Et al.
    Cell  2018;174:59
  115. A Neural Circuit for the Suppression of Pain by a Competing Need State.
    Authors: Alhadeff Et al.
    Cell  2018;173:140
  116. Dissociable Structural and Functional Hippocampal Outputs via Distinct Subiculum Cell Classes.
    Authors: Cembrowski Et al.
    Cell  2018;173:1280
  117. Medial Amygdala Kiss1 Neurons Mediate Female Pheromone Stimulation of Luteinizing Hormone in Male Mice.
    Authors: Aggarwal Et al.
    Neuroendocrinology  2018;108:172
  118. The Anterior Insular Cortex?Central Amygdala Glutamatergic Pathway Is Critical to Relapse after Contingency Management.
    Authors: Nathan J Et al.
    Neuron  2017;96:414-427.e8
  119. Neural Circuit-Specialized Astrocytes: Transcriptomic, Proteomic, Morphological, and Functional Evidence.
    Authors: Chai Et al.
    Neuron  2017;95:531
  120. Loss of Hyperdirect Pathway Cortico-Subthalamic Inputs Following Degeneration of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons.
    Authors: Mark D Et al.
    Neuron  2017;95:1306-1318.e5
  121. A Brainstem-Spinal Cord Inhibitory Circuit for Mechanical Pain Modulation by GABA and Enkephalins.
    Authors: Francois Et al.
    Neuron  2017;93:822
  122. Glutamatergic projections from the entorhinal cortex to dorsal dentate gyrus mediate context-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking.
    Authors: Ge Et al.
    Neuropsychopharmacology  2017;42:1860
  123. Loss of Plasticity in the D2-Accumbens Pallidal Pathway Promotes Cocaine Seeking.
    Authors: Heinsbroek Et al.
    J Neurosci  2017;37:757
  124. A tale of two circuits: CCKNTS neuron stimulation controls appetite and induces opposing motivational states by projections to distinct brain regions.
    Authors: Roman Et al.
    Neuroscience  2017;358:316
  125. CaMKIIα Expression Defines Two Functionally Distinct Populations of Granule Cells Involved in Different Types of Odor Behavior.
    Authors: Martin Et al.
    Curr Biol  2017;27:3315-3329.e6
  126. Cortico-accumbens regulation of approach-avoidance behavior Is modified by experience and chronic pain.
    Authors: Schwartz Et al.
    Cell Rep  2017;19:1522
  127. Inhibiting medial septal cholinergic neurons with DREADD alleviated anxiety-like behaviors in mice.
    Authors: Zhang Et al.
    Neurosci Letts  2017;18:139
  128. Visuomotor coupling shapes the functional development of mouse visual cortex.
    Authors: Attinger
    Cell  2017;169(7):1291
  129. Ethanol-seeking behavior is expressed directly through an extended amygdala to midbrain neural circuit.
    Authors: Pina and Cunningham Et al.
    Neurobiol Learn Mem  2017;137:83
  130. Using c-kit to genetically target cerebellar molecular layer interneurons in adult mice.
    Authors: Amat
    PLoS One  2017;12(6):e0179347
  131. Orexin-driven GAD65 network of the lateral hypothalamus sets physical activity in mice.
    Authors: Cornelia Et al.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A  2017;114:4525-4530
  132. Histamine modulation of the basal ganglia circuitry in the development of pathological grooming.
    Authors: Rapanelli
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  2017;114(25):6599
  133. Appetite controlled by a cholecystokinin nucleus of the solitary tract to hypothalamus neurocircuit.
    Authors: D'Agostino Et al.
    PLoS Biol  2016;5
  134. Attenuation of β-Amyloid Deposition and Neurotoxicity by Chemogenetic Modulation of Neural Activity.
    Authors: Yuan and Grutzendler
    J Neurosci  2016;36:632
  135. Changes in Female Drosophila Sleep following Mating Are Mediated by SPSN-SAG Neurons.
    Authors: Amita Et al.
    J Biol Rhythms  2016;31:551-567
  136. Neural activity promotes long-distance, target-specific regeneration of adult retinal axons.
    Authors: Lim Et al.
    Nat Neurosci  2016;19:1073
  137. Warm-Sensitive Neurons that Control Body Temperature.
    Authors: Tan Et al.
    Cell  2016;167:47
  138. Ethanol-seeking behavior is expressed directly through an extended amygdala to midbrain neural circuit.
    Authors: Pina and Cunningham
    Neurobiol Learn Mem  2016;137:83
  139. DREADDS: Use and application in behavioral neuroscience.
    Authors: Smith Et al.
    Behav Neurosci  2016;130:137

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CNO in DREADD pain targeted Mice
By Anonymous on 12/15/2017

CNO was used in pair with DREADD mice for a pain related experiment to determine whether inhibiting PBN neurons will attenuate pain reponses. Publication under second revision for Cell.

Product provides publishable work, no issues arose when dealing with the substance.

CNO in concert with DREADDs
By Anonymous on 12/01/2017

I injected clozapine N-oxide in rats (IP, 1 mg/ml/kg). The rats had previously underwent stereotaxic surgery in which a virus carrying a gene for a Gi DREADD was infused unilaterally into the dorsal striatum.

CNO for chronic DREADD activation
By Anonymous on 12/01/2017

In vivo chemogenetic experiments - CNO was added to the drinking water. While there are issues with the back conversion of CNO to clozapine, this is not the manufacturer's problem. CNO experiments still generate important data as long as they utilize proper controls

Added saccharine to counteract bitter taste of DMSO used to dissolve CNO

CNO for chronic DREADD activation 4936
Does what it is meant to!
By Anonymous on 10/20/2017

We use it as both injectable pass the blood brain barrier ICV, and IP injections. We are looking at both behavioral concern and brain regional efficacy in regard to DREADD. So far, this product has been selectively turning on/off our target cells.

tail bleed
By Anonymous on 09/07/2017

bleed assay

neuron silencer
By Anonymous on 07/17/2017

neuron silencer

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