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Human Dkk-1 Quantikine ELISA Kit

Catalog #: DKK100
22 Citations Datasheet / COA / SDS
Newer Version Available: DKK100B
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DKK100 has been discontinued and is replaced by DKK100B.

Human Dkk-1 ELISA Standard Curve
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Product Details
Procedure
Citations (22)
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Summary Precision Recovery Linearity Data Examples Product Datasheets Preparation and Storage Background Related Research Areas

Human Dkk-1 Quantikine ELISA Kit Summary

Assay Type
Solid Phase Sandwich ELISA
Format
96-well strip plate
Assay Length
4.5 hours
Sample Type & Volume Required Per Well
Cell Culture Supernates (50 uL), Serum (10 uL), EDTA Plasma (25 uL), Heparin Plasma (25 uL)
Sensitivity
15.6 pg/mL
Assay Range
31.3 - 2,000 pg/mL (Cell Culture Supernates, Serum, EDTA Plasma, Heparin Plasma)
Specificity
Natural and recombinant human Dkk-1
Cross-reactivity
< 0.5% cross-reactivity observed with available related molecules.< 50% cross-species reactivity observed with species tested.
Interference
No significant interference observed with available related molecules.

Product Summary

The Quantikine® Human Dkk-1 immunoassay is a 4.5 hour solid phase ELISA designed to measure human Dkk-1 in cell culture supernates, serum, and plasma. It contains Sf 21-expressed recombinant human Dkk-1 and has been shown to accurately quantitate the recombinant factor. Results obtained using natural human Dkk-1 showed dose-response curves that were parallel to the standard curves obtained using the Quantikine® kit standards. These results indicate that this kit can be used to determine relative mass values of natural
human Dkk-1.

Precision

Intra-Assay Precision (Precision within an assay) Three samples of known concentration were tested twenty times on one plate to assess intra-assay precision
Inter-Assay Precision (Precision between assays) Three samples of known concentration were tested in forty separate assays to assess inter-assay precision. Assays were performed by at least three technicians using two lots of components

Cell Culture Supernates

Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision
Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3
n 20 20 20 40 40 40
Mean (pg/mL) 223 600 1353 221 577 1287
Standard Deviation 9.4 15.3 36.5 16.9 35 69.6
CV% 4.2 2.6 2.7 7.7 6.1 5.4

Serum, EDTA Plasma, Heparin Plasma

Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision
Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3
n 20 20 20 40 40 40
Mean (pg/mL) 212 599 1358 243 620 1371
Standard Deviation 8.9 24.5 44.4 18.4 37.4 63.1
CV% 4.2 4.1 3.3 7.3 6 4.6

Recovery

The recovery of human Dkk-1 spiked to various levels throughout the range of the assay was evaluated.

Sample Type Average % Recovery Range %
Cell Culture Media (n=4) 103 97-109
EDTA Plasma (n=4) 94 86-102
Heparin Plasma (n=4) 98 92-106
Serum (n=4) 99 85-115

Linearity

To assess the linearity of the assay, samples containing and/or spiked with high concentrations of human Dkk-1 were serially diluted with calibrator diluent to produce samples with values within the dynamic range of the assay.
Human Dkk-1 ELISA Linearity
Human Dkk-1 ELISA Linearity

Scientific Data

N/A Human Dkk-1 ELISA Standard Curve View Larger

Human Dkk-1 ELISA Standard Curve

N/A Human Dkk-1 ELISA Cell Culture Supernate Standard Curve View Larger

Human Dkk-1 ELISA Cell Culture Supernate Standard Curve

N/A Human Dkk-1 ELISA Serum/Plasma Standard Curve View Larger

Human Dkk-1 ELISA Serum/Plasma Standard Curve

Product Datasheets

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Product Datasheet
COA
SDS

Preparation and Storage

Shipping
The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Storage
Store the unopened product at 2 - 8 °C. Do not use past expiration date.

Background: Dkk-1

Members of the dickkopf-related protein family (Dkk-1, -2, -3, and -4) are secreted proteins with two cysteine-rich domains separated by a linker region. Dkk-3 and -4 also have one prokineticin domain. Dkk-1, -2, and -4 function as antagonists of canonical Wnt signaling by binding to LRP5/6, preventing interaction of LRP5/6 with Wnt-Frizzled complexes. Dkk-1, -2, and -4 also bind cell surface Kremen-1 or -2 and promote the internalization of LRP5/6. Antagonistic activity of Dkk-3 has not been demonstrated. Dkk proteins have distinct patterns of expression in adult and embryonic tissues and have a wide range of effects on tissue development and morphogenesis. The Dkk family also includes Soggy, which is homologous to Dkk-3 but not to the other family members. Soggy has not been shown to inhibit Wnt signaling, and its role in the pathway is unclear.

Long Name:
Dickkopf-1
Entrez Gene IDs:
22943 (Human); 13380 (Mouse); 102123735 (Cynomolgus Monkey)
Alternate Names:
dickkopf (Xenopus laevis) homolog 1; dickkopf homolog 1 (Xenopus laevis); dickkopf related protein-1; Dickkopf-1; dickkopf-related protein 1; Dkk1; Dkk-1; hDkk-1; SKdickkopf-1 like
&#9888; WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including N,N-Dimethylforamide, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer. For more information, go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Assay Procedure

Refer to the product for complete assay procedure.

Bring all reagents and samples to room temperature before use. It is recommended that all samples, standards, and controls be assayed in duplicate.
  1.   Prepare all reagents, standard dilutions, and samples as directed in the product insert.
  2.   Remove excess microplate strips from the plate frame, return them to the foil pouch containing the desiccant pack, and reseal.
    3. 100 µL Assay Diluent
  3.   Add 100 µL of Assay Diluent to each well.
    4. 100 µL Standard, Control, or Sample
  4.   Add 100 µL of Standard, control, or sample to each well. Cover with a plate sealer, and incubate at room temperature for 2 hours on a horizontal orbital microplate shaker.
  5.   Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process 3 times for a total of 4 washes.
    6. 200 µL Conjugate
  6.   Add 200 µL of Conjugate to each well. Cover with a new plate sealer, and incubate at room temperature for 2 hours on the shaker.
  7.   Aspirate and wash 4 times.
    8. 200 µL Substrate Solution
  8.   Add 200 µL Substrate Solution to each well. Incubate at room temperature for 30 minutes on the benchtop. PROTECT FROM LIGHT.
    9. 50 µL Stop Solution
  9.   Add 50 µL of Stop Solution to each well. Read at 450 nm within 30 minutes. Set wavelength correction to 540 nm or 570 nm.

Citations for Human Dkk-1 Quantikine ELISA Kit

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

22 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. Dickkopf-1 Acts as a Profibrotic Mediator in Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease
    Authors: YC Hsu, CC Chang, CC Hsieh, YT Huang, YH Shih, HC Chang, PJ Chang, CL Lin
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023-04-21;24(8):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
  2. DKK1 promotes tumor immune evasion and impedes anti-PD-1 treatment by inducing immunosuppressive macrophages in gastric cancer
    Authors: T Shi, Y Zhang, Y Wang, X Song, H Wang, X Zhou, K Liang, Y Luo, K Che, X Wang, Y Pan, F Liu, J Yang, Q Liu, L Yu, B Liu, J Wei
    Cancer Immunology Research, 2022-12-02;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  3. Serum granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is increased in patients with active radiographic axial spondyloarthritis and persists despite anti-TNF treatment
    Authors: C Papagoras, S Tsiami, A Chrysantho, I Mitroulis, X Baraliakos
    Arthritis Research & Therapy, 2022-08-16;24(1):195.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
  4. Cyanidin 3-O-arabinoside suppresses DHT-induced dermal papilla cell senescence by modulating p38-dependent ER-mitochondria contacts
    Authors: YH Jung, CW Chae, GE Choi, HC Shin, JR Lim, HS Chang, J Park, JH Cho, MR Park, HJ Lee, HJ Han
    Journal of Biomedical Science, 2022-03-07;29(1):17.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  5. Dickkopf-1 Promotes Angiogenesis and is a Biomarker for Hepatic Stem Cell-like Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Authors: T Suda, T Yamashita, H Sunagozaka, H Okada, K Nio, Y Sakai, T Yamashita, E Mizukoshi, M Honda, S Kaneko
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-03-03;23(5):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
  6. Circulating cytokines present in multiple myeloma patients inhibit the osteoblastic differentiation of adipose stem cells
    Authors: L Kobari, M Auclair, O Piau, N Ferrand, M Zaoui, F Delhommeau, B Fève, M Sabbah, L Garderet
    Leukemia, 2021-09-23;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Plasma
  7. Assessment of Serum sRANKL, sRANKL/OPG Ratio, and Other Bone Turnover Markers with the Estimated 10-Year Risk of Major and Hip Osteoporotic Fractures in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Authors: CA Nava-Valdi, JM Ponce-Guar, AM Saldaña-Cr, EG Corona-San, M Ramirez-Vi, EE Perez-Guer, JD Murillo-Sa, B Contreras-, ML Vazquez-Vi, F Gonzalez-P, D Bonilla-La, H Jacobo-Cue, JD Centeno-Va, G Echeverria, S Cerpa-Cruz, MF Alcaraz-Lo, EG Cardona-Mu, M Salazar-Pa, L Gonzalez-L, JI Gamez-Nava
    BioMed Research International, 2021-08-30;2021(0):5567666.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
  8. Longitudinal evaluation of Wnt inhibitors and comparison with others serum osteoimmunological biomarkers in osteolytic bone metastasis
    Authors: E Galliera, L Massaccesi, E de Benedet, E Longhi, D de Toma, MM Corsi Roma, G Banfi
    J. Leukoc. Biol., 2020-02-07;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
  9. Differences in Osteoimmunological Biomarkers Predictive of Psoriatic Arthritis among a Large Italian Cohort of Psoriatic Patients
    Authors: M Diani, S Perego, V Sansoni, L Bertino, M Gomarasca, M Faraldi, PDM Pigatto, G Damiani, G Banfi, G Altomare, G Lombardi
    Int J Mol Sci, 2019-11-10;20(22):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
  10. Inflammation-Related Patterns in the Clinical Staging and Severity Assessment of Chronic Kidney Disease
    Authors: S Mihai, E Codrici, ID Popescu, AM Enciu, E Rusu, D Zilisteanu, LG Necula, G Anton, C Tanase
    Dis. Markers, 2019-10-07;2019(0):1814304.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
  11. Increased Dkk-1 plasma levels may discriminate disease subtypes in myeloproliferative neoplasms
    Authors: C Mambet, L Necula, S Mihai, L Matei, C Bleotu, M Chivu-Econ, O Stanca, A Tatic, N Berbec, C Tanase, CC Diaconu
    J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2018-07-05;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Plasma
  12. Serum bone-turnover biomarkers are associated with the occurrence of peripheral and axial arthritis in psoriatic disease: a prospective cross-sectional comparative study
    Authors: DR Jadon, R Sengupta, A Nightingal, H Lu, J Dunphy, A Green, JT Elder, RP Nair, E Korendowyc, MA Lindsay, NJ McHugh
    Arthritis Res. Ther., 2017-09-21;19(1):210.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
  13. MicroRNA-433-3p promotes osteoblast differentiation through targeting DKK1 expression
    Authors: X Tang, J Lin, G Wang, J Lu
    PLoS ONE, 2017-06-19;12(6):e0179860.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Serum
  14. Effects of exercise training on circulating levels of Dickkpof-1 and secreted frizzled-related protein-1 in breast cancer survivors: A pilot single-blind randomized controlled trial
    Authors: TH Kim, JS Chang, KS Park, J Park, N Kim, JI Lee, ID Kong
    PLoS ONE, 2017-02-08;12(2):e0171771.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
  15. Correlation of blood bone turnover biomarkers and Wnt signaling antagonists with AS, DISH, OPLL, and OYL
    Authors: CC Niu, SS Lin, LJ Yuan, LH Chen, CY Yang, AN Chung, ML Lu, TT Tsai, PL Lai, WJ Chen
    BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2017-02-02;18(1):61.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
  16. Interleukin-32 Gamma Stimulates Bone Formation by Increasing miR-29a in Osteoblastic Cells and Prevents the Development of Osteoporosis
    Authors: EJ Lee, SM Kim, B Choi, EY Kim, YH Chung, EJ Lee, B Yoo, CK Lee, S Hong, BJ Kim, JM Koh, SH Kim, YG Kim, EJ Chang
    Sci Rep, 2017-01-12;7(0):40240.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Plasma
  17. Gene expression profiling identifies microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) as regulators of microenvironment-driven alterations in melanoma phenotype.
    Authors: Hartman M, Talar B, Noman M, Gajos-Michniewicz A, Chouaib S, Czyz M
    PLoS ONE, 2014-04-14;9(4):e95157.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  18. Evidences of early senescence in multiple myeloma bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells.
    Authors: Andre T, Meuleman N, Stamatopoulos B, De Bruyn C, Pieters K, Bron D, Lagneaux L
    PLoS ONE, 2013-03-21;8(3):e59756.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  19. Paracrine and autocrine signals induce and maintain mesenchymal and stem cell states in the breast.
    Authors: Scheel C, Eaton E, Li S, Chaffer C, Reinhardt F, Kah K, Bell G, Guo W, Rubin J, Richardson A, Weinberg R
    Cell, 2011-06-10;145(6):926-40.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  20. Pharmaceutical inhibition of glycogen synthetase kinase-3beta reduces multiple myeloma-induced bone disease in a novel murine plasmacytoma xenograft model.
    Authors: Gunn WG, Krause U, Lee N, Gregory CA
    Blood, 2010-12-01;117(5):1641-51.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Serum
  21. Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) in plasma and synovial fluid is inversely correlated with radiographic severity of knee osteoarthritis patients.
    Authors: Honsawek S, Tanavalee A, Yuktanandana P, Ngarmukos S, Saetan N, Tantavisut S
    BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2010-11-10;11(0):257.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Plasma
  22. The roles of Wnt signaling modulators Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) and Dickkopf-2 (Dkk2) and cell maturation state in osteogenesis on microstructured titanium surfaces.
    Authors: Olivares-Navarrete R, Hyzy S, Wieland M, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z
    Biomaterials, 2009-12-09;31(8):2015-24.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates

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