Cancer Biomarkers
Tumor markers are endogenous proteins or metabolites whose amounts or modifications are indicative of tumor state, progression characteristics, and response to therapies. They are present in tumor tissues or body fluids and encompass a wide variety of molecules, including transcription factors, cell surface receptors, and secreted proteins. Effective tumor markers are in great demand since they have the potential to reduce cancer mortality rates by facilitating diagnosis of cancers at early stages and by helping to individualize treatments. During the last decade, improved understanding of carcinogenesis and tumor progression has revealed a large number of potential tumor markers. It is predicted that even more will be discovered in the near future with the application of current technologies such as tissue microarrays, antibody arrays, and mass spectrometry. To apply these discoveries to patient care, vigorous validation and assay development for many tumor markers is currently underway. R&D Systems has a wide range of research reagents for use at every stage of the tumor marker development process. These products include a large collection of recombinant proteins, antibodies, and protein quantification kits (Quantikine ELISA kits and DuoSet ELISA development kits).
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Cancer Biomarkers in Clinical Practice
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Bladder Cancer Biomarkers
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Breast Cancer Biomarkers
- AG-2/AGR2
- AIM2
- ATAD2
- B3GalT5
- BRCA1
- BRCA2
- CA15-3/MUC-1
- Caveolin-1
- CD117/c-kit
- CEACAM-5/CD66e
- Cytokeratin 14
- EGFR
- ErbB2/Her2
- HIN-1/SCGB3A1
- ITGBL1
- Ki67/MKI67
- LMTK3
- MKP-3
- Nestin
- NGFR/TNFRSF16
- NM23-H1
- p53
- PARP
- PIK3CA
- PP4
- PP5
- Progesterone R/NR3C3
- RHAMM/CD168
- Serpin E1/PAI-1
- SGK3
- SUSD2
- TMEM25
- u-Plasminogen Activator (uPA)/Urokinase
- WISP3
- YAP1
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Gastric Cancer Biomarkers
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Glioma Biomarkers
- ACLP
- APRIL/TNFSF13
- ASCL1/Mash1
- Attractin
- beta 2-Microglobulin
- Caldesmon/CALD1
- Cathepsin D
- CD31/PECAM-1
- CD44
- CD63
- CD25/IL-2R alpha
- Chitinase 3-like 1/YKL-40
- CXCL9/MIG
- DLL3
- EGFR
- ELTD1
- Enolase 2/Neuron-specific Enolase
- FABP5/E-FABP
- Fetuin A/AHSG
- FGF basic/FGF2/bFGF
- Fibrinogen
- Fibrinogen A
- Follistatin-like 1/FSTL1
- FoxM1
- GABA-A R alpha 1
- GADD45 alpha
- Gas1
- Gelsolin/GSN
- GFAP
- GLI-2
- Glutathione Peroxidase 3/GPX3
- IgE
- IGFBP-2
- IL-2
- IL-6
- IL-17E/IL-25
- IQGAP1
- Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1/IDH1
- Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 2/IDH2
- Jagged 1
- KCC2/SLC12A5
- KCC2 Activators
- KCC2 Inhibitors
- Mer
- MGMT
- MMP-9
- NAMPT Activators
- NAMPT Inhibitors
- NCAM-1/CD56
- Nestin
- NF-L
- NFkB2
- NKX2.2
- Notch-3
- NPDC-1
- Olig2
- Osteopontin/OPN
- p16INK4a / CDKN2A
- p53
- PBEF/Visfatin
- PDGF R alpha
- PEA-15
- Peroxiredoxin 2
- PI 3-Kinase p85 alpha
- PTEN
- PTP beta/zeta/PTPRZ
- B-Raf
- S100A6
- S100A10
- Serpin E1/PAI-1
- SOD2/Mn-SOD
- SPARC-like 1/SPARCL1
- Synaptotagmin-1
- t-Plasminogen Activator/tPA
- TCF-3/E2A
- Tenascin C
- TIMP Assay Kits
- TIMP-1
- TIMP-3
- TIMP-4
- TOP2A
- VEGF
- VEGFR1/Flt-1
- VEGFR2/KDR/Flk-1
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Head and Neck Cancer Biomarkers
- 14-3-3 sigma
- alpha-Fetoprotein/AFP
- AMFR/gp78
- BMI-1
- Catalase
- Cathepsin D
- CD59
- AlphaB Crystallin/CRYAB
- Cytokeratin 19
- EGFR
- FGFR3
- Galectin-3BP/MAC-2BP
- HGFR/c-MET
- IL-1 beta/IL-1F2
- IL-6
- IL-8/CXCL8
- MKP-1
- MMP-1
- MMP-2
- MMP-3
- MMP-8
- MMP-9
- MMP-10
- MMP-13
- p16INK4a / CDKN2A
- PLVAP
- Profilin 1
- S100A9
- S100P
- Serum Amyloid A
- Serum Amyloid A1
- Serum Amyloid A1/A2
- SPARC
- VEGF
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Liver Cancer Biomarkers
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Medulloblastoma Biomarkers
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Melanoma Biomarkers
- AIM2
- Akt
- beta-Catenin
- beta-1,3-Glucuronyltransferase 1/B3GAT1
- Bcl-6
- E-Cadherin
- CD8
- CD8 beta
- CD44
- CEACAM-1/CD66a
- CXCR4
- Cyclin A1
- Cyclin A2
- Cyclin D3
- EZH2
- EZH2 Inhibitor
- FGF basic/FGF2/bFGF
- FGFR4
- FXYD5/Dysadherin
- GADD153
- HIF-2 alpha/EPAS1
- HLA-DR
- HSP70/HSPA1A
- HSP90
- ID1
- Importin alpha 2/KPNA2
- Integrin beta 1/CD29
- Integrin beta 3/CD61
- JNK
- Ki67/MKI67
- MAP2
- MCAM/CD146
- Melatonin
- MITF
- MMP-2
- c-Myc
- NCOA3
- NM23-H1
- NM23-H1/H2
- NM23-H2
- p16INK4a / CDKN2A
- p21/CIP1/CDKN1A
- p53
- PLK1
- S100A4
- Skp2
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Osteosarcoma Biomarkers
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Pancreatic Cancer Biomarkers
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Prostate Cancer Biomarkers
- Aldo-keto Reductase 1C3/AKR1C3
- alpha-Methylacyl-CoA Racemase/AMACR
- ANO7/NGEP
- Aurora A
- EMMPRIN/CD147
- EZH2
- EZH2 Inhibitor
- GPRC6A
- Hepsin
- IL-6
- Kallikrein 2
- Kallikrein 3/PSA
- KLRG2
- Nesfatin-1/Nucleobindin-2
- OGR1
- PSAP
- PSCA
- PSMA/FOLH1/NAALADase I
- PSP94/MSMB
- STEAP1
- TGF-beta 1
- TMEFF2/Tomoregulin-2
- TRA-1-60(R)
- u-Plasminogen Activator (uPA)/Urokinase
- ZAG
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Other Putative Cancer Biomarkers
- 5T4
- 15-PGDH/HPGD
- ABCB5
- ABCB6
- ACE/CD143
- ACP6
- Afadin/AF-6
- Afamin
- AG-3
- alpha 1-Microglobulin
- alpha 1B-Glycoprotein
- Annexin A3
- Annexin A8/ANXA8
- APC
- ATBF1/ZFHX3
- Bcl-2
- Bikunin
- BPIFB1
- Brk
- c-Abl
- C4.4A/LYPD3
- Cadherin-13
- Calponin 1
- Calretinin
- Carbonic Anhydrase IX/CA9
- Caveolin-2
- CBFB
- CCR7
- CCR9
- CD7
- CD24
- CD38
- CD74
- CD96
- CD98
- CD109
- CD133
- CDC73
- CDX2
- CEACAM-4
- CEACAM-6/CD66c
- CEACAM-7
- CEACAM-8/CD66b
- CEACAM-19
- CEACAM-20
- CEACAM-21
- CHD1L
- Cholecystokinin-B R/CCKBR
- Chorionic Gonadotropin alpha Chain (HCG alpha)
- Chorionic Gonadotropin alpha/beta (HCG)
- CKAP4/p63
- Coactosin-like Protein 1/CotL1
- COMMD1
- Cornulin
- Cortactin
- CRISP-3
- CTCF
- CTL1/SLC44A1
- CXCL17/VCC-1
- Cyclin D2
- Cytokeratin 18
- DAB2
- DC-LAMP
- DCBLD2/ESDN
- DNMT1
- DPPA2
- DPPA4
- E6
- ECM1
- EGF
- ELF3
- EMP2
- Endosialin/CD248
- Eps15
- ErbB3/Her3
- ErbB4/Her4
- ERK1
- Ets-1
- Ezrin
- Fascin
- FATP3
- FCRLA
- FGF acidic/FGF1
- Fibroblast Activation Protein alpha/FAP
- FOLR1
- FOLR2
- FOLR3
- FOLR4
- FosB/G0S3
- FoxO3
- FRAT2
- Galectin-3
- Galectin-3C
- Gastrin-releasing Peptide R/GRPR
- gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase/CRF21
- Golgi Glycoprotein 1/GLG1
- gp96/HSP90B1
- GPR10
- GPR18
- GPR31
- GPR87
- GPR110
- GRP78/HSPA5
- HE4/WFDC2
- Heparanase/HPSE
- HOXB7
- HOXB13
- HOXD10
- Hyaluronidase 1/HYAL1
- Hyaluronidase 2/HYAL2
- IGF-I/IGF-1
- IGF-I R/IGF1R
- IGF-II/IGF2
- IGFL-3
- IGFLR1
- IL-6/IL-6R alpha Complex
- IMP Dehydrogenase 1/IMPDH1
- ING1
- ITIH4
- ITIH5
- ITM2C
- JunB
- JunD
- Kallikrein 6/Neurosin
- KiSS1R/GPR54
- KLF10
- KLF17
- L1CAM
- LEF1
- Leptin/OB
- LIN-28A
- LIN-28B
- LPAR3/LPA3/EDG-7
- LRMP
- LRP-1B
- LRRC4
- LRRC3B
- LRRC8A
- LRRC8B
- LRRN1/NLRR-1
- LRRN2
- LRRN3/NLRR-3
- Ly6K
- LYPD1
- LYPD5
- LYPD8
- M-CSF
- c-Maf
- Matriptase/ST14
- MBP-1
- Melan-A/MART-1
- Melanocortin-1 R/MC1R
- Melanotransferrin/CD228
- Mesothelin
- Metadherin
- Metastin/KiSS1
- Methionine Aminopeptidase
- Methionine Aminopeptidase 2/METAP2
- MIA
- MIF
- MINA
- Mind Bomb 2/MIB2
- Mindin
- MRP1
- MRP2
- MRP4/ABCC4
- MS4A12
- MSX2
- Musashi-1
- NAC1
- NDRG1
- NEK2
- NELL1
- NELL2
- NG2/MCSP
- Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase/NNMT
- NKX3.1
- NTS1/NTSR1
- NTS2/NTSR2
- Oncology Array Kit
- OXGR1/GPR80/P2Y15
- p15INK4b/CDKN2B
- p18INK4c/CDKN2C
- p27/Kip1
- P-Rex1
- p130Cas
- P2X5/P2RX5
- PAUF/ZG16B
- PDCD4
- PDCD5
- PDGF R beta
- PDZD2
- Peptidase Inhibitor 16/PI16
- PGCP
- PIWIL2
- PKM2
- PRG3/MBP2
- PRMT1
- Prolactin
- PSMA1
- PSMA2
- PSMB7
- Prostaglandin E Synthase 2/PTGES2
- PTH1R/PTHR1
- PTK7/CCK4
- Rab25
- RARRES1
- RARRES3
- Ret
- RNF2
- RNF43
- S100A1
- S100A2
- S100A7
- S100A16
- S100B
- SART1
- SCUBE3
- Secretin R
- Serpin A9/Centerin
- Serpin B4
- Serum Amyloid A4
- SEZ6L
- SEZ6L2/BSRP-A
- SLC5A5
- SLC5A8/SMCT1
- SLC7A7
- SLC16A3
- SLC45A3/Prostein
- SLC7A6
- SMAGP
- SOCS-2
- SOCS-6
- Soggy-1/DkkL1
- SOX2
- SOX11
- SPINK1
- Src
- STEAP2
- STEAP3/TSAP6
- STYK1
- Survivin
- Syndecan-1/CD138
- Syntaxin 4
- gamma-Synuclein
- Tankyrase 1
- TAP1
- TAP2
- TCL1A
- TCL1B
- TEM7/PLXDC1
- TEM8/ANTXR1
- TGF-beta 1, 2, 3
- TGF-beta 1/1.2
- TGF-beta 2/1.2
- TGF-beta RI/ALK-5
- THRSP
- Thymosin beta 4
- Thymosin beta 10
- Thyroglobulin
- TIMP-2
- TLE1
- TLE2
- TM4SF1/L6
- TMEM87A
- TMEM219
- TNF-alpha
- TopBP1
- TRA-1-85/CD147
- TRAF-4
- Transgelin/TAGLN
- TSPAN1
- beta-III Tubulin
- uPAR
- Urotensin-II R
- VCAM-1/CD106
- VEGF/PlGF Heterodimer
- VSIG3
- ZAP70
- ZMIZ1/Zimp10