Human Galectin-9 Antibody

Catalog #: MAB2045 Datasheet / COA / SDS

Catalog #	Availability	Size / Price	Qty
MAB2045-100
MAB2045-SP

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Summary Data Examples Preparation and Storage Reconstitution Calculator Background Product Datasheets Related Research Areas

Human Galectin-9 Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity

Human

Specificity

Detects human Galectin-9 in direct ELISAs.

Source

Monoclonal Mouse IgG_2B Clone # 1005401

Purification

Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

Immunogen

E. coli-derived human Galectin-9
Ala2-Thr323
Accession # O00182

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

Label

Unconjugated

Applications

Recommended Concentration

Sample

Immunohistochemistry

0.5-25 µg/mL

See below

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Immunohistochemistry

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Galectin‑9 in Human Colon. Galectin-9 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human colon using Mouse Anti-Human Galectin-9 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB2045) at 0.5 µg/mL for 1 hour at room temperature followed by incubation with the Anti-Mouse IgG VisUCyte™ HRP Polymer Antibody (Catalog # VC001). Before incubation with the primary antibody, tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (Catalog # CTS013). Tissue was stained using DAB (brown) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to cytoplasm in glandular epithelial cells. View our protocol for IHC Staining with VisUCyte HRP Polymer Detection Reagents.

Reconstitution Calculator

Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution

Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Shipping

Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: Galectin-9

Galectins comprise a family of multifunctional carbohydrate-binding proteins with specificity for N‑acetyl-lactosamine-containing glycoproteins. At least 14 mammalian Galectins share structural similarities in their carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD), forming three groups: prototype (one CRD), tandem-repeat (two CRDs), and chimeric (one CRD, unique N‑terminus) (1, 2). Full length Galectin-9 is a widely expressed 39 kDa tandem-repeat Galectin that contains two CRDs connected by a linker region (3). Progressive deletion within the linker region generates a 36 kDa isoform, also known as Ecalectin or UAT, as well as a 35 kDa isoform (4). This recombinant protein corresponds to the Ecalectin isoform of human Galectin-9 and shares 70% and 73% aa sequence identity with the corresponding regions of mouse and rat Galectin-9, respectively. Galectin-9 exhibits a wide range of activities. All three isoforms function as eosinophil chemoattractants (5, 6). This activity is destroyed by thrombin-mediated cleavage within the linker region of the long isoform, although the Ecalectin isoform is resistant to thrombin (7). Galectin-9 binds to carbohydrate moieties of IgE, thereby preventing immune complex formation, mast cell degranulation, and asthmatic and cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions (8). Independent of its lectin properties, Galectin-9 induces the maturation of dendritic cells which promote Th1 polarization (9). Galectin-9 induces cellular apoptosis in part by direct binding to TIM-3 (10, 11). Its interaction with TIM-3 inhibits Th1 cell and CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cell responses and also promotes regulatory T cell differentiation and activity (11, 12). Galectin-9 suppresses tumor cell metastasis by interfering with the associations between hyaluronic acid and CD44 and between VCAM-1 and Integrin alpha 4 beta 1 (13). The Ecalectin isoform (UAT; urate transporter) can also be expressed as an integral membrane protein and mediate the cellular efflux of urate (14).

References

Yang, R-Y. et al. (2008) Expert Rev. Mol. Med. 10:e17.
Elola, M. T. et al. (2007) Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 64:1679.
Tureci, O. et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272:6416.
Chabot, S. et al. (2002) Glycobiology 12:111.
Matsumoto, R. et al. (2002) J. Immunol. 168:1961.
Sato, M. et al. (2002) Glycobiology 12:191.
Nishi, N. et al. (2006) Glycobiology 16:15C.
Niki, T. et al. (2009) J. Biol. Chem. 284:32344.
Dai, S.-Y. et al. (2005) J. Immunol. 175:2974.
Seki, M. et al. (2007) Arthritis Rheum. 56:3968.
Zhu, C. et al. (2005) Nat. Immunol. 6:1245.
Sehrawat, S. et al. (2010) PloS Pathogens 6:e1000882.
Nobumoto, A. et al. (2008) Glycobiology 18:735.
Leal-Pinto, E. et al. (2002) Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 283:F150.

Entrez Gene IDs

3965 (Human); 16859 (Mouse)

Alternate Names

Ecalectin; GAL9; gal-9; galectin 9; Galectin9; Galectin-9; HUAT; lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9; LGALS9; LGALS9A; MGC117375; MGC125973; MGC125974; Tumor antigen HOM-HD-21; urate transporter/channel protein