Human ST2/IL-33R DuoSet ELISA Summary
* Provided that the recommended microplates, buffers, diluents, substrates and solutions are used, and the assay is run as summarized in the Assay Procedure provided.
Product Features
- Optimized capture and detection antibody pairings with recommended concentrations save lengthy development time
- Development protocols are provided to guide further assay optimization
- Assay can be customized to your specific needs
- Economical alternative to complete kits
Kit Content
- Capture Antibody
- Detection Antibody
- Recombinant Standard
- Streptavidin conjugated to horseradish-peroxidase (Streptavidin-HRP)
Other Reagents Required
PBS: (Catalog # DY006), or 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 8.1 mM Na2HPO4, 1.5 mM KH2PO4, pH 7.2 - 7.4, 0.2 µm filtered
Wash Buffer: (Catalog # WA126), or equivalent
Reagent Diluent*
Blocking Buffer*
Substrate Solution: 1:1 mixture of Color Reagent A (H2O2) and Color Reagent B (Tetramethylbenzidine) (Catalog # DY999)
Stop Solution: 2 N H2SO4 (Catalog # DY994)
Microplates: R&D Systems (Catalog # DY990), or equivalent
Plate Sealers: ELISA Plate Sealers (Catalog # DY992), or equivalent
*For the Reagent Diluent and Blocking Buffer recommended for a specific DuoSet ELISA Development Kit, please see the product
Scientific Data
Product Datasheets
Preparation and Storage
Background: ST2/IL-33R
ST2, also known as IL-1 R4, is a component of the receptor for the proinflammatory cytokine Interleukin-33. The IL-33 receptor additionally includes IL-1 RAcp which also associates with IL-1 RI and IL-1 R rp2/IL-1 R6. A soluble form of ST2 functions as a decoy receptor. IL-33 promotes Th2-biased immune responses, resulting in eosinophilia, mast cell activation, and allergic inflammation. In addition, IL-33 enhances inflammation-associated hypernociception and protects from atherosclerosis and cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. Soluble ST2 is elevated in the serum under inflammatory conditions including allergic asthma, sepsis, trauma, dengue fever, pulmonary disease, and lupus. It is also associated aortic stenosis, congestive cardiomyopathy, and risk of cardiovascular heart failure and death.
Citations for Human ST2/IL-33R DuoSet ELISA
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Difamilast, a Topical Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor, Produces Soluble ST2 via the AHR-NRF2 Axis in Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Tsuji, G;Yumine, A;Kawamura, K;Takemura, M;Kido-Nakahara, M;Yamamura, K;Nakahara, T;
International journal of molecular sciences
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Myocardial transcriptomic analysis of diabetic patients with aortic stenosis: key role for mitochondrial calcium signaling
Authors: Cherpaz, M;Meugnier, E;Seillier, G;Pozzi, M;Pierrard, R;Leboube, S;Farhat, F;Vola, M;Obadia, JF;Amaz, C;Chalabreysse, L;May, C;Chanon, S;Brun, C;Givre, L;Bidaux, G;Mewton, N;Derumeaux, G;Bergerot, C;Paillard, M;Thibault, H;
Cardiovascular diabetology
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) in Patients with Predominantly Decompensated Right Heart Failure-A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Dworok, V;Hähnel, V;Bannehr, M;Paar, V;Edlinger, C;Lichtenauer, M;Butter, C;Haase-Fielitz, A;
Journal of clinical medicine
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Effects of an Intervention with Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 on Five Selected Age-Related Biomarkers in Elderly Swedes Low in Selenium: Results That Point to an Anti-Ageing Effect-A Sub-Analysis of a Previous Prospective Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Alehagen, U;Alexander, J;Aaseth, JO;Larsson, A;Svensson, E;Opstad, TB;
Cells
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Anzhen Risk Evaluation System for Acute Aortic Syndrome (AZSCORE-AAS): protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study in northern China
Authors: Wang, HZ;Chen, SW;Zhong, YL;Ge, YP;Qiao, ZY;Li, CN;Guo, RT;Zhang, Z;Qiao, CH;Zhu, JM;
BMJ open
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Soluble ST2 in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis-Association with Plaque Morphology and Long-Term Outcome
Authors: Stojkovic, S;Kampf, S;Harkot, O;Nackenhorst, M;Brekalo, M;Huber, K;Hengstenberg, C;Neumayer, C;Wojta, J;Demyanets, S;
International journal of molecular sciences
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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A Story of PA/BSA and Biomarkers to Diagnose Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis-The Rise of IGF-BP2 and GDF-15
Authors: J Kletzer, S Hecht, S Ramsauer, B Scharinger, R Kaufmann, J Kammler, J Kellermair, K Akbari, H Blessberge, C Steinwende, K Hergan, UC Hoppe, M Lichtenaue, E Boxhammer
Journal of cardiovascular development and disease, 2023-01-05;10(1):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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The association of serum IL-33/ST2 expression with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Pan, X;Liu, J;Li, M;Liang, Y;Liu, Z;Lao, M;Fang, M;
Research Square
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Clinical and prognostic relevance of sST2 in adults with dengue-associated cardiac impairment and severe dengue
Authors: A Teo, PY Chia, GK Ramireddi, SKM Khoo, TW Yeo
PloS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2022-10-13;16(10):e0010864.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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CT-Diagnosed Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Is It Possible to Predict Muscle Loss Based on Laboratory Tests?-A Multicentric Retrospective Analysis
Authors: S Hecht, E Boxhammer, R Kaufmann, B Scharinger, C Reiter, J Kammler, J Kellermair, M Hammerer, H Blessberge, C Steinwende, UC Hoppe, K Hergan, M Lichtenaue
Journal of personalized medicine, 2022-09-04;12(9):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Differential Diagnosis between Takotsubo Syndrome and Acute Coronary Syndrome-A Prospective Analysis of Novel Cardiovascular Biomarkers for a More Selective Triage
Authors: A Topf, M Mirna, V Paar, LJ Motloch, N Bacher, M Franz, UC Hoppe, D Kretzschma, M Lichtenaue
Oncogene, 2022-05-25;11(11):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Expression and function of the luteinizing hormone choriogonadotropin receptor in human endometrial stromal cells
Authors: ON Mann, CS Kong, ES Lucas, JJ Brosens, AC Hanyaloglu, PJ Brighton
Scientific Reports, 2022-05-21;12(1):8624.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Elevated Serotonin and NT-proBNP Levels Predict and Detect Carcinoid Heart Disease in a Large Validation Study
Authors: S Levy, AB Kilgallen, CM Korse, MIFJ Oerlemans, JPG Sluijter, LW van Laake, GD Valk, MET Tesselaar
Cancers, 2022-05-10;14(10):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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The Merkel Cell Polyomavirus T-Antigens and IL-33/ST2-IL1RAcP Axis: Possible Role in Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: K Rasheed, U Moens, B Policastro, JI Johnsen, V Koljonen, H Sihto, WO Lui, B Sveinbjørn
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-03-28;23(7):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Soluble ST2 and All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-A 10-Year Cohort Study
Authors: MH Urban, S Stojkovic, S Demyanets, C Hengstenbe, A Valipour, J Wojta, OC Burghuber
Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2021-12-23;11(1):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Adiponectin and Stnfr2 peripheral levels are associated with cardiovascular risk in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: ICS Dias, SM de Campos-, ELM Vieira, APL Mota, PS Azevedo, VTDS Anício, FC Guimarães, LM Mantovani, BF Cruz, AL Teixeira, JV Salgado
Journal of psychiatric research, 2021-11-09;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 as outcome predictor after cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an observational prospective study
Authors: R Rezar, V Paar, C Seelmaier, I Pretsch, P Schwaiger, K Kopp, R Kaufmann, TK Felder, E Prinz, G Gemes, R Pistulli, UC Hoppe, B Wernly, M Lichtenaue
Scientific Reports, 2021-11-05;11(1):21756.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Biomarkers of Pulmonary Hypertension Are Altered in Children With Down Syndrome and Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: M Griffiths, J Yang, D Vaidya, M Nies, S Brandal, DD Ivy, F Hickey, K Wolter-War, ED Austin, M Mullen, MW Pauciulo, KA Lutz, EB Rosenzweig, R Hirsch, D Yung, WC Nichols, AD Everett
The Journal of pediatrics, 2021-10-21;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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The Value of Fetuin-A as a Predictor to Identify Takotsubo Patients at Risk of Cardiovascular Events
Authors: A Topf, M Mirna, N Bacher, V Paar, C Edlinger, LJ Motloch, S Gharibeh, M Bannehr, UC Hoppe, M Lichtenaue
Journal of cardiovascular development and disease, 2021-10-05;8(10):.
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Electrochemical Immunosensing of ST2: A Checkpoint Target in Cancer Diseases
Authors: RM Torrente-R, CM Martín, M Gamella, M Pedrero, N Martínez-B, P Navarro, P García de, JM Pingarrón, S Campuzano
Biosensors, 2021-06-21;11(6):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Predictors of Early-Recurrence Atrial Fibrillation after Catheter Ablation in Women and Men with Abnormal Body Weight
Authors: J Budzianows, J Hiczkiewic, K ?ojewska, E Kawka, R Rutkowski, K Korybalska
Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2021-06-18;10(12):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Early bilirubinemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation-an endothelial complication
Authors: H Dai, O Penack, A Radujkovic, D Schult, J Majer-Laut, IW Blau, L Bullinger, S Jiang, C Müller-Tid, P Dreger, T Luft
Bone marrow transplantation, 2021-01-30;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Expression of the Novel Cardiac Biomarkers sST2, GDF-15, suPAR, and H-FABP in HFpEF Patients Compared to ICM, DCM, and Controls
Authors: P Jirak, R Pistulli, M Lichtenaue, B Wernly, V Paar, LJ Motloch, R Rezar, C Jung, UC Hoppe, PC Schulze, D Kretzschma, RC Braun-Dull, T Bekfani
J Clin Med, 2020-04-15;9(4):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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The pro-inflammatory marker soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (ST2) is reduced especially in diabetic morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery
Authors: S Demyanets, C Kaun, A Kaider, W Speidl, M Prager, S Oravec, P Hohensinne, J Wojta, G Rega-Kaun
Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2020-02-26;19(1):26.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Prospective diagnostic accuracy study of plasma soluble ST2 for diagnosis of acute aortic syndromes
Authors: F Morello, A Bartalucci, M Bironzo, M Santoro, E Pivetta, A Ianniello, F Rumbolo, G Mengozzi, E Lupia
Sci Rep, 2020-02-20;10(1):3103.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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EASIX for prediction of survival in lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: A Merz, U Germing, G Kobbe, J Kaivers, A Jauch, A Radujkovic, M Hummel, A Benner, M Merz, P Dreger, T Luft
Blood Cancer J, 2019-11-11;9(11):85.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Pre-transplant testosterone and outcome of men after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: A Radujkovic, L Kordelas, J Krzykalla, A Benner, D Schult, J Majer-Laut, DW Beelen, C Müller-Tid, C Kasperk, P Dreger, T Luft
Haematologica, 2019-07-11;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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GDF-15 is a better complimentary marker for risk stratification of arrhythmic death in non-ischaemic, dilated cardiomyopathy than soluble ST2
Authors: S Stojkovic, A Kaider, L Koller, M Brekalo, J Wojta, A Diedrich, S Demyanets, T Pezawas
J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2018-02-04;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Magnitude of Soluble ST2 as a Novel Biomarker for Acute Aortic Dissection.
Authors: Yuan Wang, Xin Tan, Hai Gao, Hui Yuan, Rong Hu, Lixin Jia, Junming Zhu, Lizhong Sun, Hongjia Zhang, Lianjun Huang, Dong Zhao, Pei Gao, Jie Du
Circulation, 2017-11-16;0(0):1524-4539.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Predictive value of low interleukin-33 in critically ill patients
Authors: KA Krychtiuk, S Stojkovic, M Lenz, M Brekalo, K Huber, J Wojta, G Heinz, S Demyanets, WS Speidl
Cytokine, 2017-09-30;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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A functional IL1RL1 variant regulates corticosteroid-induced sST2 expression in ulcerative colitis
Authors: D Díaz-Jimén, L Núñez, M De la Fuen, K Dubois-Cam, H Sepúlveda, M Montecino, A Torres-Riq, P García-Gon, J Chnaiderma, A Vossenkamp, TT MacDonald, D Simian, MJ González, JA Cidlowski, R Quera, MA Hermoso
Sci Rep, 2017-08-31;7(1):10180.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Production and regulation of interleukin-1 family cytokines at the materno-fetal interface
Authors: LM Scott, AH Bryant, A Rees, B Down, RH Jones, CA Thornton
Cytokine, 2017-07-13;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Tissue Culture Supernates
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Soluble plasma proteins ST2 and CD163 as early biomarkers of nephropathy in Swedish patients with diabetes, 15-34�years of age: a prospective cohort study
Authors: M Samuelsson, J Dereke, MK Svensson, M Landin-Ols, M Hillman, on the beh
Diabetol Metab Syndr, 2017-05-25;9(0):41.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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IL33 and IL1RL1 variants are associated with asthma and atopy in a Brazilian population
Authors: GA Queiroz, RS Costa, NM Alcantara-, G Nunes de O, ML Barreto, VL Carneiro, CA Figueiredo
Int. J. Immunogenet, 2017-04-01;44(2):51-61.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Aqueous two-phase system patterning of detection antibody solutions for cross-reaction-free multiplex ELISA.
Authors: Frampton, John P, White, Joshua B, Simon, Arlyne B, Tsuei, Michael, Paczesny, Sophie, Takayama, Shuichi
Sci Rep, 2014-05-02;4(0):4878.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Soluble ST2 Associates with Diabetes but Not Established Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A New Inflammatory Pathway of Relevance to Diabetes?
Authors: Miller A, Purves D, McConnachie A, Asquith D, Batty G, Burns H, Cavanagh J, Ford I, McLean J, Packard C, Shiels P, Turner H, Velupillai Y, Deans K, Welsh P, McInnes I, Sattar N
PLoS ONE, 2012-10-24;7(10):e47830.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Daily exposure to dust alters innate immunity.
Authors: Sahlander K, Larsson K, Palmberg L
PLoS ONE, 2012-02-15;7(2):e31646.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Measurement of interleukin-33 (IL-33) and IL-33 receptors (sST2 and ST2L) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: Hong YS, Moon SJ, Moon S, Joo YB, Joo Y, Jeon CH, Jeon C, Cho ML, Ju JH, Oh HJ, Heo YJ, Heo Y, Park SH, Kim HY, Min JK
J Korean Med Sci, 2011-09-01;26(9):1132-9.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Soluble IL-1RII and IL-18 are associated with incipient upper extremity soft tissue disorders.
Authors: Rechardt M, Shiri R, Matikainen S, Viikari-Juntura E, Karppinen J, Alenius H
Cytokine, 2011-03-02;54(2):149-53.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Primary sources and immunological prerequisites for sST2 secretion in humans.
Authors: Mildner M, Storka A, Lichtenauer M
Cardiovasc. Res., 2010-04-02;87(4):769-77.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Serum soluble ST2: a potential novel mediator in left ventricular and infarct remodeling after acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: Weir RA, Miller AM, Murphy GE, Clements S, Steedman T, Connell JM, McInnes IB, Dargie HJ, McMurray JJ
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2010-01-19;55(3):243-50.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Potential role of soluble ST2 protein in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome recurrence following kidney transplantation.
Authors: Bruneau S, Le Berre L, Herve C, Valanciute A, Kamal M, Naulet J, Tesson L, Foucher Y, Soulillou JP, Sahali D, Dantal J
Am. J. Kidney Dis., 2009-06-10;54(3):522-32.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Induction of IRAK-M is associated with lipopolysaccharide tolerance in a human endotoxemia model.
Authors: van 't Veer C, van den Pangaart PS, van Zoelen MA, de Kruif M, Birjmohun RS, Stroes ES, de Vos AF, van der Poll T
J. Immunol., 2007-11-15;179(10):7110-20.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Normal human plasma range upto 500pg/ml used neat; plasma from cancer patients gives much much higher values (consider diluting plasma sample)
We ran this ELISA with human plasma samples at a 1:20 dilution reaching high precision.