ProDots Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein
ProDots Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein Summary
Pre-aliquoted, lyophilized protein dots for use in cell culture medium
Features and Benefits- Rolls out of bottle for easy cell culture medium preparation
- Eliminates time spent aliquoting
- One protein dot can be used to make 500 mL of 10 ng/mL cell culture medium
ProDots® proteins are R&D Systems industry-leading quality, highly bioactive proteins packaged into easy-to-use lyophilized “dots”. Designed to be stable at 4 ºC and to dissolve instantly, ProDots® proteins can be rolled into cell culture media to quickly produce media with a desired working protein concentration.
ProDots® proteins are designed to reduce cell culture media preparation time while ensuring optimal protein recovery and bioactivity. Unlike standard lyophilized protein, which is shipped as a diffuse residue within a vial, ProDots® proteins are neatly bundled into the shape of a ball. In this form ProDots® proteins can be rolled directly into cell culture media. ProDots® proteins rehydrate instantly in media to maximize the recovery of purchased protein and to reliably reconstitute it at a desired concentration for use in cell culture media. ProDots® proteins can be conveniently stored at room temperature where they will remain stable for 6 months or at 4 ºC where they will remain stable for 12 months. The accessible storage and high stability of ProDots® proteins makes them ideal for quick and easy preparation of cell culture media.
Product Specifications
Ala279 - Ser390
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
PRD240
| Reconstitution | For a stock solution, reconstitute at 20 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl, or simply roll ProDot® directly into cell culture medium for immediate use.
Note: Purified recombinant human TGF-beta 1 is an extremely hydrophobic protein that adheres strongly to surfaces. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
• 6 months from date of receipt at room temperature as supplied. • 12 months from date of receipt at 2-8 °C as supplied. • 1 month at 2-8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution. • 3 months at -20 to -80 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution. |
Scientific Data
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ProDots®Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 inhibits Recombinant Mouse IL-4 (R&D Systems, Catalog # 404-ML) induced proliferation in the HT-2 mouse T cell line. The ED50 is 0.04-0.2 ng/mL.
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1 μg/lane of ProDots®Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions and visualized with silver staining, showing single bands at 12 kDa and 24 kDa, respectively.
Reconstitution Calculator
Background: TGF-beta 1
Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1, 2, and 3 (TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, and TGF-beta 3) are highly pleiotropic cytokines that virtually all cell types secrete. TGF-beta molecules are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Targeted deletions of these genes in mice show that each TGF-beta isoform has some non-redundant functions: TGF-beta 1 is involved in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation; TGF-beta 2 affects development of cardiac, lung, craniofacial, limb, eye, ear, and urogenital systems; and TGF-beta 3 influences palatogenesis and pulmonary development. The full range of in vitro biological activities of TGF-beta 5 has not yet been explored. However, TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, TGF-beta 3, and TGF-beta 5 have been found to be largely interchangeable in an inhibitory bioassay, and it is anticipated that TGF-beta 5 will show a spectrum of activities similar to the other TGF-beta family members. To date, the production of TGF-beta 5 has only been demonstrated in Xenopus.
TGF-beta ligands are initially synthesized as precursor proteins that undergo proteolytic cleavage. The mature segments form active ligand dimers via a disulfide-rich core consisting of the characteristic 'cysteine knot'. TGF-beta signaling begins with binding to a complex of the accessory receptor betaglycan (also known as TGF-beta RIII) and a type II serine/threonine kinase receptor termed TGF-beta RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a type I serine/threonine kinase receptor, either ALK-1 or TGF-beta RI (also called ALK-5). The activated type I receptor phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription. Use of other signaling pathways that are Smad-independent allows for distinct actions observed in response to TGF-beta in different contexts.
Product Specific Notices
726377.4Citation for ProDots Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
1 Citation: Showing 1 - 1
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Migration Inhibitory Factor in Conditioned Medium from Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Stimulates Hair Growth
Authors: HA Oh, J Kwak, BJ Kim, HJ Jin, WS Park, SJ Choi, W Oh, S Um
Cells, 2020-05-28;9(6):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture
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