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Recombinant Human GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 Protein

Catalog #: 694-GL
5 Citations Datasheet / COA / SDS
Newer Version Available: 6987-GL
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Carrier Free

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
694-GL-025/CF

With Carrier

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
694-GL-025
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Product Details
Citations (5)
FAQs
Reviews
Summary Product Datasheets Carrier Free Data Images Reconstitution Calculator Background Related Research Areas

Recombinant Human GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 Protein Summary

Product Specifications

Purity
>97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Activity
Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. When Recombinant Human GITR/TNFRSF18 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 689-GR) is immobilized at 0.5 µg/mL (100 µL/well), Recombinant Human GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 binds with an ED50 of 30-300 ng/mL.
Source
Spodoptera frugiperda, Sf 21 (baculovirus)-derived human GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 protein
Glu74-Ser199, with an N-terminal 6-His tag
Accession #
Q9UNG2
N-terminal Sequence
Analysis
His
Predicted Molecular Mass
15 kDa
SDS-PAGE
14 kDa-16 kDa, reducing conditions

Product Datasheets

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694-GL (with carrier)

Product Datasheet
COA
SDS

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694-GL/CF (carrier free)

Product Datasheet
COA
SDS

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

694-GL

Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

694-GL/CF

Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Reconstitution Calculator

Reconstitution Calculator

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Background: GITR Ligand/TNFSF18

GITR Ligand, also known as TNFSF18 and TL6, is an approximately 30 kDa type II transmembrane glycoprotein in the TNF superfamily (1). Human GITR Ligand consists of a 50 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 128 aa extracellular domain (ECD) (2, 3). Within the ECD, human GITR Ligand shares 56% and 60% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat GITR Ligand, respectively. GITR Ligand is expressed on antigen presenting cells, CD4-CD8- double negative thymic precursors, vascular endothelial cells, neurons, and in the eye (4‑11). Its expression is transiently up‑regulated by proinflammatory stimulation (4, 8, 11). The binding of GITR Ligand to GITR on mouse CD25+ Treg cells permits the reactivation of T cells from Treg-induced suppression, although this does not appear to occur in humans (5, 9, 12-14). GITR Ligand binding to GITR additionally provides a costimulatory signal to activated CD4+  and CD8+ T cells and NK cells (5, 6, 15, 16). This interaction also induces reverse signaling in GITR Ligand expressing dendritic cells to suppress cellular activation through the same pathway induced by the immunosuppressant dexamethasone (17). In the brain, GITR Ligand/GITR interactions enhance NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth from sympathetic neurons (10).

References
  1. Azuma, M. (2010) Crit. Rev. Immunol. 30:547.
  2. Kwon, B. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:6056.
  3. Gurney, A.L. et al. (1999) Curr. Biol. 9:215.
  4. Stephens, G.L. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 173:5008.
  5. Tone, M. et al. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100:15059.
  6. Hanabuchi, S. et al. (2006) Blood 107:3617.
  7. Kamimura, Y. et al. (2009) J. Immunol. 182:2708.
  8. Hwang, H. et al. (2010) J. Neurosci. Res. 88:2188.
  9. Tuyaerts, S. et al. (2007) J. Leukoc. Biol. 82:93.
  10. O’Keefe, G.W. et al. (2008) Nat. Neurosci. 11:135.
  11. Kim, B.J. et al. (2004) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45:3170.
  12. Shimizu, J. et al. (2002) Nat. Immunol. 3:135.
  13. Ji, H. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 172:5823.
  14. McHugh, R.S. et al. (2002) Immunity 16:311.
  15. Kanamaru, F. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 172:7306.
  16. Ronchetti, S. et al. (2004) Eur. J. Immunol. 34:613.
  17. Grohmann, U. et al. (2007) Nat. Med. 13:579.
Long Name
Glucocorticoid Induced TNF Receptor Family Related Gene Ligand
Entrez Gene IDs
8995 (Human); 240873 (Mouse); 364031 (Rat)
Alternate Names
Activation-inducible TNF-related ligand; AITRL; AITRLMGC138237; GITR Ligand; GITRL; GITRLglucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein ligand; Glucocorticoid-induced TNF-related ligand; hGITRLGITR ligand; TL6AITR ligand; TNFSF18; tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 18; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 18

Citations for Recombinant Human GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 Protein

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

5 Citations: Showing 1 - 5
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  1. CD106 in tumor-specific exhausted CD8+ T cells mediates immunosuppression by inhibiting TCR signaling
    Authors: Naoi, Y;Morinaga, T;Nagasaki, J;Ariyasu, R;Ueda, Y;Yamashita, K;Zhou, W;Kawashima, S;Kawase, K;Honobe-Tabuchi, A;Ohnuma, T;Kawamura, T;Umeda, Y;Kawahara, Y;Nakamura, Y;Kiniwa, Y;Yamasaki, O;Fukushima, S;Kawazu, M;Suzuki, Y;Nishikawa, H;Hanazawa, T;Ando, M;Inozume, T;Togashi, Y;
    Cancer research
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  2. Widespread potential for growth-factor-driven resistance to anticancer kinase inhibitors.
    Authors: Wilson TR, Fridlyand J, Yan Y, Penuel E, Burton L, Chan E, Peng J, Lin E, Wang Y, Sosman J, Ribas A, Li J, Moffat J, Sutherlin DP, Koeppen H, Merchant M, Neve R, Settleman J
    Nature, 2012-07-26;487(7408):505-9.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  3. Neutralization of tumor-derived soluble glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein ligand increases NK cell anti-tumor reactivity.
    Authors: Baltz KM, Krusch M, Baessler T, Schmiedel BJ, Bringmann A, Brossart P, Salih HR
    Blood, 2008-08-08;112(9):3735-43.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: N/A, Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay, ELISA (Standard)
  4. Glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor-related protein-mediated macrophage stimulation may induce cellular adhesion and cytokine expression in rheumatoid arthritis.
    Authors: Bae E, Kim WJ, Kang YM, Suk K, Koh EM, Cha HS, Ahn KS, Huh TL, Lee WH
    Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2007-03-15;148(3):410-8.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  5. Expression of GITR ligand abrogates immunosuppressive function of ocular tissue and differentially modulates inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.
    Authors: Mahesh SP, Li Z, Liu B, Fariss RN, Nussenblatt RB
    Eur. J. Immunol., 2006-08-01;36(8):2128-38.
    Applications: ELISA (Standard)

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