Recombinant Rat IL-2 Protein Summary
Product Specifications
Ala21-Gln155, with and without an N-terminal Met
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
502-RL
| Formulation | Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Ammonium Acetate and Glycerol with BSA as a carrier protein. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped with dry ice or equivalent. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
502-RL/CF
| Formulation | Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Ammonium Acetate and Glycerol. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped with dry ice or equivalent. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Reconstitution Calculator
Background: IL-2
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a O-glycosylated four alpha -helix bundle cytokine that has potent stimulatory activity for antigen-activated T cells. It is expressed by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, gamma δ T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and eosinophils (1‑3). Mature rat IL-2 shares 66% and 73% amino acid sequence identity with human and mouse IL-2, respectively. The receptor for IL-2 consists of three subunits that are present on the cell surface in varying preformed complexes (4 - 6). The 55 kDa IL-2 R alpha is specific for IL-2 and binds with low affinity. The 75 kDa IL-2 R beta, which is also a component of the IL-15 receptor, binds IL-2 with intermediate affinity. The 64 kDa common gamma chain gamma c/IL-2 R gamma, which is shared with the receptors for IL-4, -7, -9, -15, and -21, does not independently interact with IL-2. Upon ligand binding, signal transduction is performed by both IL-2 R beta and gamma c. IL-2 is best known for its autocrine and paracrine activity on T cells. It drives resting T cells to proliferate and induces IL-2 and IL-2 R alpha synthesis (1, 2). It contributes to T cell homeostasis by promoting the Fas-induced death of naïve CD4+ T cells but not activated CD4+ memory lymphocytes (7). IL-2 plays a central role in the expansion and maintenance of regulatory T cells, although it inhibits the development of Th17 polarized cells (8‑10). Thus, IL-2 may be a key cytokine in the natural suppression of autoimmunity (11, 12).
- Ma, A. et al. (2006) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 24:657.
- Gaffen, S.L. and K.D. Liu (2004) Cytokine 28:109.
- McKnight, A. et al. (1989) Immunogenetics 30:145.
- Liparoto, S.F. et al. (2002) Biochemistry 41:2543.
- Wang, X. et al. (2005) Science 310:1159.
- Bodnar, A. et al. (2008) Immunol. Lett. 116:117.
- Jaleco, S. et al. (2003) J. Immunol. 171:61.
- Malek, T.R. (2003) J. Leukoc. Biol. 74:961.
- Laurence, A. et al. (2007) Immunity 26:371.
- Kryczek, I. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:6730.
- Afzali, B. et al. (2007) Clin. Exp. Immunol. 148:32.
- Fehervari, Z. et al. (2006) Trends Immunol. 27:109.
Citations for Recombinant Rat IL-2 Protein
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Effects of inhaled tier-2 diesel engine exhaust on immunotoxicity in a rat model: A hazard identification study. Part II. Immunotoxicology
Authors: Weatherly, LM;Shane, HL;Baur, R;Lukomska, E;McKinney, W;Roberts, JR;Fedan, JS;Anderson, SE;
Toxicology reports
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Hypertonic Salt Solution Enhances Inflammatory Responses in Cultured Splenic T-Cells from Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats but Not Dahl Salt-Resistant Rats
Authors: Jang, S;Kim, JY;Kim, CW;Kim, I;
Journal of cardiovascular development and disease
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Biological effects of inhaled crude oil. VI. Immunotoxicity
Authors: LM Weatherly, HL Shane, R Baur, E Lukomska, JR Roberts, JS Fedan, SE Anderson
Oncogene, 2022-06-06;449(0):116100.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Placental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (PMSCs) and PMSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles (PMSC-EVs) Attenuated Renal Fibrosis in Rats with Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO) by Regulating CD4+ T Cell Polarization
Authors: Z Zhu, C Han, S Xian, F Zhuang, F Ding, W Zhang, Y Liu
Stem Cells Int, 2020-07-22;2020(0):2685820.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Dendritic cell-targeted CD40 DNA vaccine suppresses Th17 and ameliorates progression of experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis
Authors: Q Li, Q Cao, C Wang, H Nguyen, XM Wang, G Zheng, YM Wang, S Hu, SI Alexander, DCH Harris, Y Wang
J. Leukoc. Biol., 2019-02-27;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
A Crucial Role of CXCL14 for Promoting Regulatory T Cells Activation in Stroke
Authors: HT Lee, SP Liu, CH Lin, SW Lee, CY Hsu, HK Sytwu, CH Hsieh, WC Shyu
Theranostics, 2017-02-08;7(4):855-875.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Type II Natural Killer T Cells that Recognize Sterol Carrier Protein 2 Are Implicated in Vascular Inflammation in the Rat Model of Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases
Authors: Akihiro Ishizu
Am. J. Pathol., 2016-11-15;0(0):.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Probing the biomechanical contribution of the endothelium to lymphocyte migration: diapedesis by the path of least resistance.
Authors: Martinelli R, Zeiger A, Whitfield M, Sciuto T, Dvorak A, Van Vliet K, Greenwood J, Carman C
J Cell Sci, 2014-07-07;127(0):3720-34.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Expression and contributions of TRPM7 and KCa2.3/SK3 channels to the increased migration and invasion of microglia in anti-inflammatory activation states.
Authors: Siddiqui T, Lively S, Ferreira R, Wong R, Schlichter L
PLoS ONE, 2014;9(8):e106087.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Time-dependent effects of striatal interleukin-2 on open field behaviour in rats.
Authors: Karrenbauer BD, Ho YJ, Ludwig V, Lohn J, Spanagel R, Schwarting RK, Pawlak CR
J. Neuroimmunol., 2009-02-08;208(1):10-8.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo -
Fibroblast growth factor inhibits interferon gamma-STAT1 and interleukin 6-STAT3 signaling in chondrocytes.
Authors: Krejci P, Prochazkova J, Bryja V, Jelinkova P, Pejchalova K, Kozubik A, Thompson LM, Wilcox WR
Cell. Signal., 2008-10-12;21(1):151-60.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Molecular identification of lyso-glycerophosphocholines as endogenous immunosuppressives in bovine and rat gonadal fluids.
Authors: Foulds LM, Boysen RI, Crane M, Yang Y, Muir JA, Smith AI, de Kretser DM, Hearn MT, Hedger MP
Biol. Reprod., 2008-05-28;79(3):525-36.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
The anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic role of mesenchymal stem cells in corneal wound healing following chemical injury.
Authors: Oh JY, Kim MK, Shin MS, Lee HJ, Ko JH, Wee WR, Lee JH
Stem Cells, 2008;26(4):1047-55.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
Applications: ELISA Developmet -
Autoreactive T cells persist in rats protected against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and can be activated through stimulation of innate immunity.
Authors: Conant SB, Swanborg RH
J. Immunol., 2004-05-01;172(9):5322-8.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
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The recombinant rat IL-2 was used to build an ELISA standard for the quantification of rat IL-2 in serum samples. The ELISA was built using AF502 and BAF502 polyclonal antibodies.
