Bovine IFN-gamma PE-conjugated Antibody

Applications

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Preparation and Storage

Background: IFN-gamma

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma ), also known as type II or immune interferon, exerts a wide range of immunoregulatory activities and is considered to be the prototype proinflammatory cytokine (1, 2). Mature bovine IFN-gamma exists as a noncovalently linked homodimer of 20‑25 kDa variably glycosylated subunits (3). It shares 78%‑80% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with canine, feline, equine, and porcine IFN-gamma and 42%‑59% with cotton rat, human, mouse, rat, and rhesus IFN-gamma. IFN-gamma dimers bind to IFN-gamma RI (alpha subunits) which then interact with IFN-gamma RII (beta subunits) to form the functional receptor complex of two alpha and two beta subunits. Inclusion of IFN-gamma RII increases the binding affinity for ligand and the efficiency of signal transduction (4, 5). IFN-gamma is produced by a variety of immune cells including monocytes, NK cells, gamma δ T cells, CD8⁺ Tcells, multiple T cell subsets (inlcuding Th1, CCR7^- T_EM and CD103⁺CD69⁺ T_RM cells) plus proinflammatory FoxP3 regulatory T cells (6-12). It plays a key role in host defense by promoting the development and activation of Th1 cells, chemoattraction and activation of monocytes and macrophages, upregulation of antigen presentation molecules, and immunoglobulin class switching in B cells. It also exhibits antiviral, antiproliferative, and apoptotic effects (6, 13, 14). In addition, IFN-gamma functions as an anti-inflammatory mediator by promoting the development of regulatory T cells and inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation (15, 16). The pleiotropic effects of IFN-gamma contribute to the development of multiple aspects of atherosclerosis (7). Finally, IFN-gamma regulates blood cell production, particularly during immune challenge. In particular, IFN-gamma appears to promote monocyte production while depressing neutrophil, B cell and eosinophil production (17).

Product Datasheets

Related Research Areas

• Conventional/Classical Dendritic Cells
• Cytokines and Receptors in Allergy and Asthma
• Cytokines and Receptors in Angiogenesis
• Cytokines and Receptors in Tfh Cell Differentiation and Function
• gamma delta T Cells
• Group 1 ILCs
• Infectious Diseases
• Inflammatory Mediators
• Interferons
• Isolation, Culture, and Identification of Natural Killer Cells
• Macrophage Activation Markers
• Microglia Activation Markers
• Molecules Secreted by VSMC
• Multiple Sclerosis and Myelin Related Molecules
• Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC)
• Natural Killer T (NKT) Cells
• NCR+ILC3
• NCR-ILC3
• Neuroinflammatory Factors
• Regulatory T Cells (Tregs)
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• T Cell Cytokine Signaling
• Th1 Cells