CellXVivo Human M1 Macrophage Differentiation Kit
CellXVivo Human M1 Macrophage Differentiation Kit Summary
For the differentiation of human CD14+ monocytes into M1 macrophages
Key Benefits
- For the differentiation of human CD14+ monocytes into M1 macrophages
- M1 macrophages have a CD14+ CD80+ CD163dim CD206+ phenotype
- Utilizes validated and straightforward procedures
- Does not require specialized instrumentation
Why Generate M1 and M2 Macrophages from CD14+ Monocytes Ex Vivo?
Macrophages derived from circulating inflammatory or resident monocytes are recruited to areas of tissue inflammation in response to injury or pathogenic insult. M1 macrophages produce pro-inflammatory cytokines that combat pathogenic infection and reduce the infectivity of microbes. Prolonged or excessive activation of M1 macrophages can result in secondary damage to host tissue. M2 macrophages produce growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines to suppress the host immune response, promote wound healing and tissue remodeling, and improve metabolic and endocrine signaling within tissues. Harvesting CD14+ monocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and driving their differentiation ex vivo can provide an abundant source of M1 or M2 macrophages for downstream research studies.
This kit contains the following optimized reagents for the differentiation of human monocytes into M1 macrophages.
- Serum-Free Base Media
- Recombinant Human GM-CSF
- Reconstitution Buffer 2
- Provides sufficient reagents for the differentiation of two 24-well plates or 5 x 107 cells.
Stability and Storage
Store the unopened kit at < -20 °C. Do not use past the kit expiration date. Opened or reconstituted Serum-Free Base Media and Recombinant Human GM-CSF should be stored at 2-8 °C under sterile conditions for up to 30 days or at -20 °C to -70 °C in a manual defrost freezer for up to 3 months.* Opened Reconstitution Buffer 2 should be stored at 2-8 °C under sterile conditions for up to 3 months.*
*Provided this is within the expiration date of the kit.
Specifications
Product Datasheets
Scientific Data
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Optimized Base Media in CellXVivo™ Macrophage Differentiation Kits Results in More Efficient Differentiation of M1 and M2 Macrophages. The Serum-free Base Media included in the CellXVivo™M1 and M2 Macrophage Differentiation Kits (Catalog # CDK012 and Catalog # CDK013) was screened against other commercially available base media (Competitor 1, Competitor 2) for its ability to promote M1 and M2 differentiation. Human peripheral blood CD14+monocytes were cultured in either Serum-free Base Media from the CellXVivo™Macrophage Differentiation Kits, Competitor Media 1, or Competitor Media 2. M1 and M2 macrophage differentiation was performed in each of the base media with cytokines from the CellXVivo™M1 and M2 Macrophage Kits added to each media condition in parallel. Following the differentiation protocol, M1 and M2 macrophages from each media condition were stimulated with 1 µg/mL LPS for 24 hours. Cell culture supernatants were assessed for IL-10 and IL-12 secretion using Human IL-12 p70 and Human IL-10 Quantikine®ELISA Kits (Catalog # HS120and Catalog # D100B, respectively). These data indicate that monocytes differentiated using the Serum-free Base Media included in the CellXVivo™Macrophage Differentiation Kits produce more efficient and pure populations of the desired M1 or M2 phenotype. Competitor base media resulted in either a mixed M1/M2 population (Competitor 1) or lower levels of cytokine secretion (Competitor 2).
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Phenotypic Analysis of Human M1 Macrophages. Flow cytometry data show cell surface marker expression of human peripheral blood CD14+monocytes following differentiation using reagents included in the CellXVivo™Human M1 Macrophage Differentiation Kit. On day 6 of the differentiation, cells were harvested and stained with antibodies for CD14, CD80, CD163, and CD206 (open histograms). Cell staining was gated using isotype control antibodies (filled histograms). M1 macrophages display a CD14+CD80+CD163dimCD206+phenotype.
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Differentiated Human M1 Macrophages Secrete IL-12. Human peripheral blood CD14+monocytes were differentiated for 6 days under M1 or M2 macrophage polarization conditions using reagents included in the CellXVivo™Human M1 Differentiation Kit or the CellXVivo™M2 Macrophage Differentiation Kit (R&D Systems, Catalog # CDK013). On day 6, M1 and M2 macrophages were stimulated with 1 µg/mL LPS for 24 hours. Cell culture supernatant was collected and cytokine secretion was determined using the Human IL-12 p70 Quantikine®HS ELISA Kit (Catalog # HS120) and the Human IL-10 Quantikine®ELISA Kit (Catalog # D100B).
Assay Procedure
Refer to the product datasheet for complete product details.
Briefly, M1 macrophages can be generated from human monocytes using the following procedure:
- Isolate human CD14+ monocytes from a PBMC preparation
- Culture CD14+ monocytes in M1 Macrophage Differentiation Media
- Verify differentiation into M1 macrophages by flow cytometry
- Verify differentiation into by ELISA detection of IL-12
Reagents Supplied in the CellXVivo™ Human M1 Macrophage Differentiation Kit (Catalog # CDK012):
- Serum-Free Base Media
- Recombinant Human GM-CSF
- Reconstitution Buffer 2
Reagents
- MagCellect™ Human CD14+ Cell Isolation Kit (R&D Systems, Catalog # MAGH105, or equivalent).
- Ficoll-Hypaque™
- Penicillin (optional)
- Streptomycin (optional)
- Cell Dissociation Solution Non-enzymatic 1x (Sigma)
- Lipopolysaccaride (LPS) (optional)
Equipment
- Tissue culture flasks and/or plates
- Inverted microscope
- Hemocytometer
- 37 °C and 5% CO2 humidified cell culture incubator
- Centrifuge
- Pipettes and pipette tips
Isolate PBMCs from human blood.
Enrich human CD14+ monocytes from PBMCs (e.g., using magnetic cell selection).
Perform a cell count.
Verify M1 macrophage differentiation on day 6 by analyzing cell surface marker expression via flow cytometry.
M1 macrophages are ready for downstream application.
Citations for CellXVivo Human M1 Macrophage Differentiation Kit
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 2
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Identification of organs of origin of macrophages that produce presepsin via neutrophil extracellular trap phagocytosis
Authors: Kondo, A;Morinishi, T;Yamaguchi, Y;Ikegame, A;
Scientific reports 2024-07-16
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Impaired luminal control of intestinal macrophage maturation in patients with ulcerative colitis during remission
Authors: L Maasfeh, A Hartlova, S Isaksson, J Sundin, G Mavroudis, O Savolainen, H Strid, L Öhman, MK Magnusson
Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2021-06-12;0(0):. 2021-06-12
FAQs
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Has the CellXVivo Human M1 Macrophage differentiation kit (Catalog # CDK012) been tested with human monocytic cell lines?
We have only tested the CellXVivo Human M1 Macrophage differentiation kit with primary CD14+ monocytes derived from PBMCs.
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Why do the protocol in CellXVivo Human M1 Macrophage Differentiation Kit (Catalog # CDK012) and CellXVivo Human M2 Macrophage Differentiation Kit (Catalog # CDK013) contain an optional step to stimulate cells with LPS?
For the Human M1 and M2 Macrophage Differentiation kits (CDK012, CDK013), a 6 day incubation in the differentiation media is enough to produce M1 or M2 macrophages. LPS can then be used as an optional step to verify M1 or M2 macrophage differentiation via cytokine expression in cell culture supernatant as measured by ELISA. LPS stimulation will induce cytokine secretion reflecting M1/M2 macrophage differentiation which can be measured with the Human IL-12 p70 Quantikine™ HS ELISA Kit (R&D Systems, Catalog # HS120) or the Human IL-10 Quantikine® ELISA Kit (R&D Systems, Catalog # D1000B).
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