ELA-32 (human)

Biological Activity

ELA-32 (human) is a potent, high affinity apelin receptor agonist (IC₅₀ = 0.27 nM; K_d = 0.51 nM). Exhibits no binding GPR15 and GPR25. Activates the PI3K/AKT pathway and promotes self-renewal of hESCs via cell-cycle progression and protein translation. Also potentiates the TGFβ pathway, priming hESCs toward the endoderm lineage. Stimulates angiogenesis in HUVEC cells. Relaxes mouse aortic vessels. Functions as an anorexigenic hormone through activation of the AVP and CRH neurons in the PVN.

Negative control (Cat.No. 6292) also available.

Technical Data

The technical data provided above is for guidance only. For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.

Additional Information

Background References

1. Apela regulates fluid homeostasis by binding to the APJ receptor to activate G_i signaling.
   Deng et al.
   J.Biol.Chem., 2015;290:18261
2. Elabela/Toddler is an endogenous agonist of the apelin APJ receptor in the adult cardiovascular system, and exogenous administration of the peptide compensates for the downregulation of its expression in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
   Yang et al.
   Circulation, 2017;135:1160
3. ELABELA is an endogenous growth factor that sustains hESC self-renewal via the PI3K/AKT pathway.
   Ho et al.
   Cell Stem Cell, 2015;17:435
4. Elabela-apelin receptor signaling pathway is functional in mammalian systems.
   Wang et al.
   Sci.Rep., 2015;5:8170
5. Apelin receptors: From signaling to antidiabetic strategy.
   Chaves-Almagro et al.
   Eur.J.Pharmacol., 2015;763:149
6. ELABELA: a hormone essential for heart development signals via the apelin receptor.
   Chng et al.
   Dev.Cell, 2013;27:672
7. Central action of ELABELA reduces food intake and activates arginine vasopressin and corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.
   Santoso et al.
   Neuroreport, 2015;26:820

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