Equine IFN-gamma Biotinylated Antibody Summary
Ala25-Gln166
Accession # P42160
Applications
Equine IFN-gamma Sandwich Immunoassay
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Reconstitution Calculator
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: IFN-gamma
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma ), also known as type II or immune interferon, exerts a wide range of immunoregulatory activities and is considered to be the prototype proinflammatory cytokine (1, 2). Mature equine IFN-gamma exists as a noncovalently linked homodimer of 20‑25 kDa variably glycosylated subunits (3, 4). It shares 73%‑82% amino acid sequence identity with bovine, canine, feline, and porcine IFN-gamma and 42%‑64% with cotton rat, human, mouse, rat, and rhesus IFN-gamma. IFN-gamma dimers bind to IFN-gamma RI (alpha subunits) which then interact with IFN-gamma RII (beta subunits) to form the functional receptor complex of two alpha and two beta subunits. Inclusion of IFN-gamma RII increases the binding affinity for ligand and the efficiency of signal transduction (5, 6). IFN-gamma is produced by a variety of immune cells under inflammatory conditions, notably by T cells and NK cells (7). It plays a key role in host defense by promoting the development and activation of Th1 cells, chemoattraction and activation of monocytes and macrophages, upregulation of antigen presentation molecules, and immunoglobulin class switching in B cells. It also exhibits antiviral, antiproliferative, and apoptotic effects (7, 8). In addition, IFN-gamma functions as an anti-inflammatory mediator by promoting the development of regulatory T cells and inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation (9, 10). The pleiotropic effects of IFN-gamma contribute to the development of multiple aspects of atherosclerosis (8).
- Billiau, A. and P. Matthys (2009) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 20:97.
- Pestka, S. et al. (2004) Immunol. Rev. 202:8.
- Grunig, G. et al. (1994) Immunogenetics 39:448.
- Curran, J.A. et al. (1994) DNA Seq. 4:405.
- Marsters, S.A. et al. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 92:5401.
- Krause, C.D. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275:22995.
- Schroder, K. et al. (2004) J. Leukoc. Biol. 75:163.
- McLaren, J.E. and D.P. Ramji (2009) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 20:125.
- Muhl, H. and J. Pfeilschifter (2003) Int. Immunopharmacol. 3:1247.
- Kelchtermans, H. et al. (2008) Trends Immunol. 29:479.
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