Human Activin A Precursor Antibody

Catalog #: MAB1203 Datasheet / COA / SDS

Catalog #	Availability	Size / Price	Qty
MAB1203
MAB1203-SP

All Activin A Antibodies

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Summary Preparation and Storage Reconstitution Calculator Background Product Datasheets Related Research Areas

Human Activin A Precursor Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity

Human

Specificity

Detects human Activin A Precursor in direct ELISAs and Western blots. Recognizes an epitope found in the human Activin A pro region that is removed when the protein is processed to its mature form.

Source

Monoclonal Mouse IgG₁ Clone # 132815

Purification

Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

Immunogen

DNA construct encoding human Activin A pro region fused to mature human Activin beta B chain

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

Applications

Recommended Concentration

Sample

Western Blot

1 µg/mL

Recombinant Human Activin A

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Reconstitution Calculator

Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution

Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Shipping

Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: Activin A

Activin and Inhibin are members of the TGF-beta superfamily of cytokines and are involved in a wide range of biological processes including tissue morphogenesis and repair, fibrosis, inflammation, neural development, hematopoiesis, reproductive system function, and carcinogenesis (1‑7). Activin and Inhibin are produced as precursor proteins. Their amino terminal propeptides are proteolytically cleaved and facilitate formation of disulfide-linked dimers of the bioactive proteins (8, 9). Activins are nonglycosylated homodimers or heterodimers of various beta subunits ( beta A, beta B, beta C, and beta E in mammals), while Inhibins are heterodimers of a unique alpha subunit and one of the beta subunits. Activin A is a widely expressed homodimer of two beta A chains. The beta A subunit can also heterodimerize with a beta B or beta C subunit to form Activin AB and Activin AC, respectively (10). The 14 kDa mature human beta A chain shares 100% amino acid sequence identity with bovine, feline, mouse, porcine, and rat beta A. Activin A exerts its biological activities by binding to the type 2 serine/threonine kinase Activin RIIA which then noncovalently associates with the type 1 serine/threonine kinase Activin RIB/ALK-4 (7, 11). Signaling through this receptor complex leads to Smad activation and regulation of activin-responsive gene transcription (7, 11). The bioactivity of Activin A is regulated by a variety of mechanisms (11). BAMBI, Betaglycan, and Cripto are cell-associated molecules that function as decoy receptors or limit the ability of Activin A to induce receptor complex assembly (12‑14). The intracellular formation of Activin A can be prevented by the incorporation of the beta A subunit into Activin AC or Inhibin A (3, 10). And the bioavailability of Activin A is restricted by its incorporation into inactive complexes with alpha 2-Macroglobulin, Follistatin, and FLRG (15, 16).

References

Kumanov, P. et al. (2005) Reprod. Biomed. Online 10:786.
Maeshima, A. et al. (2008) Endocr. J. 55:1.
Rodgarkia-Dara, C. et al. (2006) Mutat. Res. 613:123.
Werner, S. and C. Alzheimer (2006) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 17:157.
Xu, P. and A.K. Hall (2006) Dev. Biol. 299:303.
Shav-Tal, Y. and D. Zipori (2002) Stem Cells 20:493.
Chen, Y.G. et al. (2006) Exp. Biol. Med. 231:534.
Gray, A.M. and A.J. Mason (1990) Science 247:1328.
Mason, A.J. et al. (1996) Mol. Endocrinol. 10:1055.
Thompson, T.B. et al. (2004) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 225:9.
Harrison, C.A. et al. (2005) Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 16:73.
Onichtchouk, D. et al. (1999) Nature 401:480.
Gray, P.C. et al. (2002) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 188:254.
Kelber, J.A. et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283:4490.
Phillips, D.J. et al. (1997) J. Endocrinol. 155:65.
Schneyer, A. et al. (2003) Endocrinology 144:1671.

Entrez Gene IDs

3624 (Human); 16323 (Mouse); 29200 (Rat)

Alternate Names

Activin A; activin AB alpha polypeptide; Activin beta-A chain; erythroid differentiation factor; Erythroid differentiation protein; follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing protein; FSH-releasing protein; inhibin beta A chain; inhibin beta A subunit; Inhibin, beta-1