Human BMP-2/BMP-4 Biotinylated Antibody Summary
Ala284-Arg396
Accession # P12643
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Reconstitution Calculator
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: BMP-2/BMP-4
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is a member of the BMP subgroup of the TGF-beta superfamily. It plays a dominant role in embryonic dorsal-ventral patterning, organogenesis, limb bud formation, and bone formation and regeneration (1, 2). Human BMP-2 is synthesized as a 396 amino acid (aa) preproprotein that contains a 23 aa signal sequence, a 259 aa prosegment, and a 114 aa mature region (3). Proteolytic removal of the propeptide enables mature BMP-2 to form active disulfide linked homodimers and heterodimers with BMP-7 (2). Mature monomeric BMP-2 is an 18 kDa glycosylated peptide with seven conserved cysteines that form a cystine knot structure (4). Mature human BMP-2 shares 100% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat BMP-2. It shares 85% aa sequence identity with human BMP-4 and less than 51% with other BMPs. BMP-2 signals through heterodimeric complexes composed of a type I receptor (Activin RI, BMPR-IA, or BMPR-IB) and a type II receptor (BMP RII or Activin RIIB) (2, 5). BMP-2 induces chondrocyte proliferation, endochondral bone formation, longitudinal bone growth, and bone and cartilage repair (6, 7). It induces ectopic bone formation or calcification by promoting osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation in mesenchymal cells, stem cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells (2, 8‑10). BMP-2/BMP-7 heterodimers are significantly more potent than BMP-2 homodimers at inducing bone formation in vivo (11). BMP-2 also promotes the maintenance and repair of colonic epithelium, suppresses neuronal dopamine synthesis and release, induces apoptosis in medulloblastoma cells, and is required for cardiac contractility (12‑15).
- Kishigami, S. and Y. Mishina (2005) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 16:265.
- Chen, D. et al. (2004) Growth Factors 22:233.
- Wozney, J. et al. (1988) Science 242:1528.
- Sun, P.D. and D.R. Davies (1995) Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 24:269.
- Sebald, W. et al. (2004) Biol. Chem. 385:697.
- De Luca, F. et al. (2001) Endocrinology 142:430.
- Davidson, E.N.B., et al. (2007) Arthritis Res. Ther. 9:R102.
- Ryoo, H.-M. et al. (2006) Gene 366:51.
- Kramer, J. et al. (2000) Mech. Dev. 92:193.
- Li, X. et al. (2008) Atherosclerosis January 5 epub.
- Zhu, W. et al. (2004) J. Bone Miner. Res. 19:2021.
- Peiris, D. et al. (2007) Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 292:G753.
- Kano, Y. et al. (2005) Endocrinology 146:5332.
- Hallahan, A.R. et al. (2003) Nat. Med. 9:1033.
- Wang, Y.-X. et al. (2007) Cardiovasc. Res. 74:290.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human BMP-2/BMP-4 Biotinylated Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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PLAP-1/asporin inhibits activation of BMP receptor via its leucine-rich repeat motif.
Authors: Tomoeda M, Yamada S, Shirai H, Ozawa Y, Yanagita M, Murakami S
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2008-04-11;371(2):191-6.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Complex Sample Type
Applications: Western Blot -
Baalc, a marker of mesoderm and muscle.
Authors: Satoskar AA, Tanner SM, Weinstein M, Qualman SJ, de la Chapelle A
Gene Expr. Patterns, 2005-04-01;5(4):463-73.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC
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