Human Epiregulin Antibody

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
AF1195
AF1195-SP
Cell Proliferation Induced by Epiregulin and Neutralization by Human Epiregulin Antibody.
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Product Details
Citations (13)
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Human Epiregulin Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity
Human
Specificity
Detects human Epiregulin in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs and Western blots, approximately 50% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse Epiregulin is observed.
Source
Polyclonal Goat IgG
Purification
Antigen Affinity-purified
Immunogen
E. coli-derived recombinant human Epiregulin (R&D Systems, Catalog # 1195-EP)
Val63-Leu108
Accession # O14944
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.
Label
Unconjugated

Applications

Recommended Concentration
Sample
Western Blot
0.1 µg/mL
Recombinant Human Epiregulin (Catalog # 1195-EP)
ELISA

This antibody functions as an ELISA detection antibody when paired with Rat Anti-Human Epiregulin Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB14252).

This product is intended for assay development on various assay platforms requiring antibody pairs. We recommend the Human Epiregulin DuoSet ELISA Kit (Catalog # DY1195-05) for convenient development of a sandwich ELISA.

 
Immunohistochemistry
5-15 µg/mL
See below
Neutralization
Measured by its ability to neutralize Epiregulin-induced proliferation in the Balb/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line. The Neutralization Dose (ND50) is typically 0.3-1.5 µg/mL in the presence of 5  ng/mL Recombinant Human Epiregulin.

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Neutralization Cell Proliferation Induced by Epiregulin and Neutralization by Human Epiregulin Antibody. View Larger

Cell Proliferation Induced by Epiregulin and Neutralization by Human Epiregulin Antibody. Recombinant Human Epiregulin (Catalog # 1195-EP) stimulates proliferation in the Balb/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Proliferation elicited by Recombinant Human Epiregulin (5 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-Human Epiregulin Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1195). The ND50 is typically 0.3-1.5 µg/mL.

Immunohistochemistry Epiregulin antibody in Human Skin by Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P). View Larger

Epiregulin in Human Skin. Epiregulin was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human skin using Goat Anti-Human Epiregulin Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1195) at 15 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to keratinocytes. View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.

Human Epiregulin ELISA Standard Curve. Recombinant Human Epiregulin protein was serially diluted 2-fold and captured by Rat Anti-Human Epiregulin Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB14252) coated on a Clear Polystyrene Microplate (Catalog # DY990). Goat Anti-Human Epiregulin Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1195) was biotinylated and incubated with the protein captured on the plate. Detection of the standard curve was achieved by incubating Streptavidin-HRP (Catalog # DY998) followed by Substrate Solution (Catalog # DY999) and stopping the enzymatic reaction with Stop Solution (Catalog # DY994).

Immunohistochemistry Detection of Human Epiregulin by Immunohistochemistry View Larger

Detection of Human Epiregulin by Immunohistochemistry EREG expression correlates with MMP-1 levels in human DCIS lesions. a qRT-PCR analysis of MMP-1 gene expression in MCF10A and MCF10DCIS cells. Expression levels of MMP-1 are normalized to CYBP. b Immunoblot analysis of MMP-1 in conditioned media obtained from MCF10A and MCF10DCIS cells. Loading was assessed by Coomassie staining (Additional file 1: Figure S1C). c qRT-PCR analysis of MMP-1 gene expression in MCF10DCIS cells expressing either NT or EREG shRNA constructs. Expression levels of MMP-1 are normalized to CYBP. d Immunohistochemistry of normal breast tissue and DCIS stained with an anti-EREG antibody. Scale bars represent 50 μm. e Normal and DCIS human samples were stained with an anti-MMP-1 antibody. Representative images of normal and varying levels of MMP-1 staining in DCIS lesions are shown. f Quantification of the percent of samples staining positive for EREG. g Quantification of the percent of samples staining positive for MMP-1. Scale bars represent 50 μm. *p < 0.05. ***p < 0.0001. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26215578), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Immunohistochemistry Detection of Human Epiregulin by Immunohistochemistry View Larger

Detection of Human Epiregulin by Immunohistochemistry EREG expression correlates with MMP-1 levels in human DCIS lesions. a qRT-PCR analysis of MMP-1 gene expression in MCF10A and MCF10DCIS cells. Expression levels of MMP-1 are normalized to CYBP. b Immunoblot analysis of MMP-1 in conditioned media obtained from MCF10A and MCF10DCIS cells. Loading was assessed by Coomassie staining (Additional file 1: Figure S1C). c qRT-PCR analysis of MMP-1 gene expression in MCF10DCIS cells expressing either NT or EREG shRNA constructs. Expression levels of MMP-1 are normalized to CYBP. d Immunohistochemistry of normal breast tissue and DCIS stained with an anti-EREG antibody. Scale bars represent 50 μm. e Normal and DCIS human samples were stained with an anti-MMP-1 antibody. Representative images of normal and varying levels of MMP-1 staining in DCIS lesions are shown. f Quantification of the percent of samples staining positive for EREG. g Quantification of the percent of samples staining positive for MMP-1. Scale bars represent 50 μm. *p < 0.05. ***p < 0.0001 Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26215578), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Reconstitution Calculator

Reconstitution Calculator

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Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution
Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.
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Shipping
Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: Epiregulin

Epiregulin is a member of the EGF family of growth factors which includes, among others, epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha, amphiregulin (ARG), HB (heparin-binding)-EGF, betacellulin, and the various heregulins. All EGF family members are synthesized as transmembrane precursors and are converted to soluble forms by proteolytic cleavage. Epiregulin was originally purified from the mouse fibroblast-derived tumor cell line NIH3T3/T7. The human epiregulin cDNA encodes a 169 amino acid (aa) residues transmembrane precursor with a 29 aa signal peptide, a 21 aa transmembrane domain and a 21 aa cytoplasmic domain. The putative soluble mature Epiregulin comprising the EGF-like domain (aa residues 64-104) is formed by proteolytic removal of the propeptide regions. There is 85% aa sequence homology between human and mouse epiregulins. Epiregulin is expressed primarily in the placenta and macrophages. High level expression has also been detected in various carcinomas. Epiregulin specifically binds EGF R (ErbB1) and ErbB4 but not ErbB2 and ErbB3. It activates the homodimers of both ErbB1 and ErbB4. In addition, epiregulin can also activate all possible heteromeric combinations of the four ErbB family members. Epiregulin stimulates the proliferation of fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and hepatocytes. It has been shown to be an autocrine growth factor for epidermal keratinocytes as well as mesangial cells. Epiregulin has also been shown to inhibit growth of several epithelial tumor cells. In addition, Epiregulin has been implicated in the implantation process during pregnancy.

Entrez Gene IDs
2069 (Human); 13874 (Mouse)
Alternate Names
Epiregulin; ER; EREG; proepiregulin

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Citations for Human Epiregulin Antibody

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

13 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. Overexpression of a functional calcium-sensing receptor dramatically increases osteolytic potential of MDA-MB-231 cells in a mouse model of bone metastasis through epiregulin-mediated osteoprotegerin downregulation
    Authors: Boudot C, Henaut L, Thiem U et al.
    Oncotarget
  2. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Biomarkers Linked to Lung Metastatic Potential and Cell Stemness
    Authors: Ruiz de Garibay G, Herranz C, Llorente A et al.
    PLoS ONE.
  3. EREG-driven oncogenesis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma exhibits higher sensitivity to Erlotinib therapy
    Authors: S Liu, Y Wang, Y Han, W Xia, L Zhang, S Xu, H Ju, X Zhang, G Ren, L Liu, W Ye, Z Zhang, J Hu
    Theranostics, 2020-08-25;10(23):10589-10605.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC
  4. Epiregulin (EREG) is upregulated through an IL‐1 beta autocrine loop in Caco‐2 epithelial cells with reduced CFTR function
    Authors: Macarena Massip‐Copiz, Mariángeles Clauzure, Ángel G. Valdivieso, Tomás A. Santa‐Coloma
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
  5. Tumor endothelial cells promote metastasis and cancer stem cell-like phenotype through elevated Epiregulin in esophageal cancer
    Am J Cancer Res, 2016-10-01;6(10):2277-2288.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates, Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC-P, Western Blot
  6. Epiregulin contributes to breast tumorigenesis through regulating matrix metalloproteinase 1 and promoting cell survival
    Authors: Mariya Farooqui, Laura R. Bohrer, Nicholas J. Brady, Pavlina Chuntova, Sarah E. Kemp, C. Taylor Wardwell et al.
    Molecular Cancer
  7. Proteins of the VEGFR and EGFR pathway as predictive markers for adjuvant treatment in patients with stage II/III colorectal cancer: results of the FOGT-4 trial
    Authors: Thomas Thomaidis, Annett Maderer, Andrea Formentini, Susanne Bauer, Mario Trautmann, Michael Schwarz et al.
    Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research
  8. High epiregulin expression in human U87 glioma cells relies on IRE1alpha and promotes autocrine growth through EGF receptor.
    Authors: Auf G, Jabouille A, Delugin M, Guerit S, Pineau R, North S, Platonova N, Maitre M, Favereaux A, Vajkoczy P, Seno M, Bikfalvi A, Minchenko D, Minchenko O, Moenner M
    BMC Cancer, 2013-12-13;13(0):597.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
    Applications: ELISA Development
  9. Epiregulin as a marker for the initial steps of ovarian cancer development.
    Authors: Amsterdam A, Shezen E, Raanan C
    Int. J. Oncol., 2011-07-14;39(5):1165-72.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC-P
  10. The complete family of epidermal growth factor receptors and their ligands are co-ordinately expressed in breast cancer
    Authors: Emmet McIntyre, Edith Blackburn, Philip J. Brown, Colin G. Johnson, William J. Gullick
    Breast Cancer Research and Treatment
  11. HER family receptor abnormalities in lung cancer brain metastases and corresponding primary tumors.
    Authors: Sun M, Behrens C, Feng L, Ozburn N, Tang X, Yin G, Komaki R, Varella-Garcia M, Hong WK, Aldape KD, Wistuba II
    Clin. Cancer Res., 2009-07-21;15(15):4829-37.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC-P
  12. Human trophoblast survival at low oxygen concentrations requires metalloproteinase-mediated shedding of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor.
    Authors: Armant DR, Kilburn BA, Petkova A, Edwin SS, Duniec-Dmuchowski ZM, Edwards HJ, Romero R, Leach RE
    Development, 2006-01-11;133(4):751-9.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC
  13. Autocrine extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in normal human keratinocytes: metalloproteinase-mediated release of amphiregulin triggers signaling from ErbB1 to ERK.
    Authors: Kansra S, Johnson JL
    Mol. Biol. Cell, 2004-07-14;15(9):4299-309.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization

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