Human GDF-3 Antibody

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
MAB57541-SP Ships in 5-7 Days25 ug / $149
MAB57541 In Stock100 ug / $419
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Human GDF-3 Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity
Human
Specificity
Detects human GDF‑3 in direct ELISAs. In direct ELISAs, less than 10% cross-reactivity with recombinant human (rh) BMP-2 and rhGDF-1 is observed.
Source
Monoclonal Mouse IgG2B Clone # 878751
Purification
Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant
Immunogen
Chinese hamster ovary cell line CHO-derived human recombinant GDF-3/BMP-2 heterodimer
Ala251-Gly364
Accession # Q9NR23
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.
Label
Unconjugated

Applications

Recommended Concentration
Sample
Neutralization
Measured by its ability to neutralize GDF-3 induced Smad2 phosphorylation in the P19 mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line. 7.5-15 μg/mL of this antibody can significantly neutralize recombinant human GDF-3 (50 ng/mL) induced Smad2 phosphorylation in P19 cells.

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Reconstitution Calculator

Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution
Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.
Reconstitution Buffer Available
Reconstitution Buffer 1 (PBS)
Catalog #
Availability
Size / Price
Qty
RB01
Shipping
Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: GDF-3

GDF-3 (previously called Vgr-2) is a TGF-beta superfamily member belonging to the growth/differentiation factor family (1, 2). GDF-3 is expressed in undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells, white adipose tissue and the brain (2-4). The 364 amino acid (aa) human GDF-3 contains a 21 aa signal sequence, a 229 aa propeptide and a 114 aa mature region that contains one potential N-glycosylation site. The mature region contains a cysteine-knot structure that is conserved throughout family members. However, it lacks the fourth cysteine which is responsible for the formation of an inter-molecular disulfide bond, so GDF-3 may exist as a non-covalent homodimer (2, 5). Mature human GDF-3 shares 83%, 83%, 91%, 92% and 93% aa sequence identity with mouse, rat, bovine, canine and equine GDF-3, respectively. Most of GDF-3 is present as the uncleaved prepro form (6). The uncleaved and the mature forms both appear to have activity, but that activity may differ (5-8). All forms can oppose BMPs. In human ES cells, inhibition of BMP-2 signaling by GDF-3 maintains pluripotency (5, 7). GDF-3 also influences early cell fate decisions; for example, deletion of mouse GDF-3 produces defects in the anterior visceral endoderm of the pre-gastrulation embryo (6-8). GDF-3 cooperates with GDF-1 in embryogenesis, and the mature protein has nodal-like activity (8, 9). Although GDF family members signal through BMP receptors (ALK-1, -2, -3 and -6), which activate Smads 1, 5 and 8, GDF-3 signaling through ALK-4 and ALK-7, which activate Smads 2 and 3, has also been reported (9, 10). In adipocytes, GDF-3 is induced by a high fat diet, promoting adipogenesis and obesity (3, 10, 11).

References
  1. Levine, A.J. and A.H. Brivanlou (2006) Cell Cycle 5:1069.
  2. McPherron, A.C. and S.-J. Lee (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268:3444.
  3. Wang, W. et al. (2004) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 321:1024.
  4. Hexige, S. et al. (2005) Neurosci. Lett. 389:83.
  5. Levine, A.J. et al. (2009) Dev. Biol. 325:43.
  6. Levine, A.J. and A.H. Brivanlou (2005) Development 133:209.
  7. Peerani, R. et al. (2007) EMBO J. 26:4744.
  8. Chen, C. et al. (2006) Development 133:319.
  9. Andersson, O. et al. (2007) Dev. Biol. 311:500.
  10. Andersson, O. et al. (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105:7252.
  11. Shen, J.J. et al. (2009) Mol. Endocrinol. 23:113.
Long Name
Growth Differentiation Factor 3
Entrez Gene IDs
9573 (Human); 14562 (Mouse)
Alternate Names
GDF3; GDF-3; growth differentiation factor 3; growth/differentiation factor 3; KFS3; MCOP7; MCOPCB6; Vgr-2

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