Human GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 Fluorescein-conjugated Antibody
Human GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 Fluorescein-conjugated Antibody Summary
Glu52-Ser177
Accession # Q9UNG2
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Scientific Data
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Detection of GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) by Flow Cytometry. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were stained with Mouse Anti-Human GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 Fluorescein-conjugated Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # FAB6941F, filled histogram) or isotype control antibody (Catalog # IC002F, open histogram). View our protocol for Staining Membrane-associated Proteins.
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Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied.
Background: GITR Ligand/TNFSF18
GITR (glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor superfamily-related protein, also named AITR, activation-inducible TNF receptor superfamily-related protein) and GITR ligand (GITRL) are novel members of the TNF receptor (TNFR) and TNF superfamilies (SF) that have been designated TNFRSF18 and TNFSF18, respectively. Human GITRL cDNA encodes a 177 amino acid residues type II membrane protein. The carboxy-terminal extracellular domain shows sequence identity to TNF/TNFSF2 (21%), Fas ligand/TNFSF6 (21%), TRAIL/TNFSF10 (18%), and lymphotoxin alpha /TNFSF1 (18%). GITRL is constitutively expressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells but is not expressed in resting or stimulated T cell lines, B cell lines or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. GITR, the receptor for GITRL, is expressed at low levels in peripheral blood T cells, bone marrow, thymus, spleen and lymph nodes. In contrast to mouse GITR, expression of human GITR is not induced by treatment with dexamethasone, but is up-regulated by antigen-receptor stimulation or by treatment with soluble anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 or PMA plus ionomycin. Ligation of GITR has been found to induce nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B activation via TNF receptor-associated factor 2 and protect cells from TCR activation-induced cell death. It has been proposed that GITRL and GITR may modulate T lymphocyte functions in peripheral tissues.
- Nocentini, G. et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:6216.
- Kwon, B. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:6056.
- Gurney, A.L. et al. (1999) Current Biology 9:215.
- Kwon, B. et al. (1999) Current Opinion in Immunology 11:340.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 Fluorescein-conjugated Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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CD4+CD25high T cell numbers are enriched in the peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: Han GM, O'Neil-Andersen NJ, Zurier RB, Lawrence DA
Cell. Immunol., 2008-07-22;253(1):92-101.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Human plasmacytoid predendritic cells activate NK cells through glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-ligand (GITRL).
Authors: Hanabuchi S, Watanabe N, Wang YH, Ito T, Shaw J, Cao W, Qin FX, Liu YJ
Blood, 2006-01-05;107(9):3617-23.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC
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