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Human IL-34 Antibody

Catalog #: AF5265
4 Citations Datasheet / COA / SDS
Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
AF5265
AF5265-SP
Cell Proliferation Induced by IL‑34 and Neutralization by Human IL‑34 Antibody.
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Citations (4)
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Summary Data Examples Preparation and Storage Reconstitution Calculator Background Product Datasheets Related Research Areas

Human IL-34 Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity
Human
Specificity
Detects human IL-34 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs, approximately 30% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse IL-34 is observed.
Source
Polyclonal Sheep IgG
Purification
Antigen Affinity-purified
Immunogen
Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human IL‑34
Asn21-Pro242
Accession # NP_689669
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Applications

Recommended Concentration
Sample
Western Blot
1 µg/mL
See below
Neutralization
Measured by its ability to neutralize IL‑34-induced proliferation in human peripheral blood monocytes. Lin, H. et al. (2008) Science 320:807. The Neutralization Dose (ND50) is typically 0.035-0.175 µg/mL in the presence of 10 ng/mL Recombinant Human IL‑34.

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Neutralization Cell Proliferation Induced by IL‑34 and Neutralization by Human IL‑34 Antibody. View Larger

Cell Proliferation Induced by IL‑34 and Neutralization by Human IL‑34 Antibody. Recombinant Human IL-34 (Catalog # 5265-IL) stimulates proliferation in human peripheral blood monocytes in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Proliferation elicited by Recombinant Human IL-34 (10 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Sheep Anti-Human IL-34 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF5265). The ND50 is typically 0.035-0.175 µg/mL.

Western Blot Detection of Human IL‑34 antibody by Western Blot. View Larger

Detection of Human IL‑34 by Western Blot. Western blot shows lysates of human brain cortex tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Sheep Anti-Human IL-34 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF5265) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Sheep IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF016). A specific band was detected for IL-34 at approximately 45 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.

Reconstitution Calculator

Reconstitution Calculator

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution
Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.
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Shipping
Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: IL-34

Interleukin 34 (IL-34; also known as uncharacterized protein C16orf77) is secreted as a homodimer consisting of 39 kDa monomers (1). It belongs to no known cytokine family. Human IL-34 is synthesized as a 242 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 20 aa signal sequence and a 222 aa mature chain. The mature chain contains one potential site of N-linked glycosylation. Human IL-34 is 71% identical to mouse IL-34 on the amino acid level (1). IL-34 is expressed in various tissues, including the heart, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, thymus, testes, ovary, small intestine, prostate, and colon, and is most abundant in the spleen (1). The receptor for IL-34 is colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) (1). IL-34 stimulates monocyte proliferation (1). In functional studies, IL-34, like CSF-1, the other ligand for CSF-1R, stimulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 (ERK1/2) in human monocytes (1). In addition, IL-34 promoted the formation of the colony-forming unit-macrophage (CFU-M), a macrophage progenitor, in human bone marrow cultures (1).

References
  1. Lin, H. et al. (2008) Science 320:807.
Long Name
Interleukin 34
Entrez Gene IDs
146433 (Human); 76527 (Mouse)
Alternate Names
C16orf77; IL34; IL-34; interleukin 34

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Citations for Human IL-34 Antibody

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

4 Citations: Showing 1 - 4
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  1. Studies on Colony Stimulating Factor Receptor-1 and Ligands Colony Stimulating Factor-1 and Interleukin-34 in Alzheimer's Disease Brains and Human Microglia
    Authors: Douglas G. Walker, Tiffany M. Tang, Lih-Fen Lue
    Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
  2. Inhibition of IL-34 Unveils Tissue-Selectivity and Is Sufficient to Reduce Microglial Proliferation in a Model of Chronic Neurodegeneration.
    Authors: Obst J, Simon E, Martin-Estebane M, Pipi E, Barkwill L, Gonzalez-Rivera I, Buchanan F, Prescott A, Faust D, Fox S, Brownlees J, Taylor D, Perry V, Nuthall H, Atkinson P, Karran E, Routledge C, Gomez-Nicola D
    Front Immunol, 2020-10-08;11(0):579000.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo
  3. IL-34 mediates acute kidney injury and worsens subsequent chronic kidney disease.
    Authors: Baek J, Zeng R, Weinmann-Menke J, Valerius M, Wada Y, Ajay A, Colonna M, Kelley V
    J Clin Invest, 2015-06-29;125(8):3198-214.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
    Applications: Western Blot
  4. 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 up-regulates IL-34 expression in SH-SY5Y neural cells
    Authors: Dong Zhang, Miaomiao Li, Yang Dong, Xinhui Zhang, Xingyun Liu, Zhangming Chen et al.
    Innate Immunity

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