Human Osteoactivin/GPNMB Antibody Summary
Ala22-Asn486
Accession # NP_002501
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Scientific Data
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Detection of Osteoactivin/GPNMB in MG‑63 Human Cell Line by Flow Cytometry. MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line was stained with Mouse Anti-Human Osteoactivin/GPNMB Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB25501, filled histogram) or isotype control antibody (Catalog # MAB004, open histogram), followed by Phycoerythrin-conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # F0102B). To facilitate intracellular staining, cells were fixed with Flow Cytometry Fixation Buffer (Catalog # FC004) and permeabilized with Flow Cytometry Permeabilization/Wash Buffer I (Catalog # FC005). View our protocol for Staining Intracellular Molecules.
Reconstitution Calculator
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: Osteoactivin/GPNMB
Osteoactivin (also GPNMB and DC-HIL) is a variably glycosylated 75-125 kDa member of the NMB/pMEL-17 family of molecules. It is found in multiple subcellular sites, but is most often associated with the endosomal/lysosomal compartment (1-3). Human Osteoactivin is a 560 amino acid (aa) type I transmembrane protein. Its precursor contains a 21 aa signal sequence, a 465 aa luminal/extracellular domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment and a 53 aa cytoplasmic tail (4, 5). The luminal region contains an N-terminal heparin-binding motif (aa 23-26), multiple glycosylation sites, an RGD motif (aa 64-66) and an 88 aa PKD domain (aa 240-327). The intracellular tail has an ITAM (Y-x-x-I) and lysosomal targeting (L-L) motif (4, 5). The extracellular/luminal region shares 74% and 77% aa identity with the equivalent regions in mouse and canine, respectively. Multiple isoforms would appear to exist. There is one alternate splice form known that shows a 12 aa insert between aa 339-340 (6). An addtional 206 aa isoform shows a mutation at position # 181 that results in a 26 aa substitution for the C-terminal 380 amino acids (7, 8). This has the potential to be soluble and may represent a counterpart to a secreted isoform of rat Osteoactivin (9). Cells known to express Osteoactivin include macrophages/Kupffer cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, myeloid dendritic cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells and melanocytes, plus fetal chondrocytes and stratum basale keratinocytes (3-5, 10-12). In mice, Osteoactivin is reported to bind to heparan sulfate-proteoglycan, possibly on the surface of endothelial cells and may also interact with integrins (13). It also appears to act as an inflammatory suppressor gene, as its expression downregulates the macrophage inflammatory response by inhibiting IL-6 and IL-12 p40 production (3).
- Bachner, D. et al. (2002) Gene Exp. Patterns 1:159.
- Safadi, F.F. et al. (2002) J. Cell. Biochem. 84:12.
- Ripoll, V.M. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:6557.
- Owen, T.A. et al. (2003) Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr. 13:205.
- Weterman, M.A.J. et al. (1995) Int. J. Cancer 60:73.
- Kuan, C-T. et al. (2006) Clin. Cancer Res. 12:1970.
- Lennerz, V. et al. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:16013.
- Genbank Accession # AAH11595.
- Abdelmagid, S.M. et al. (2007) J. Cell. Physiol. 210:26.
- Haralanova-Ilieva, B. et al. (2005) J. Hepatol. 42:565.
- Ahn, J.H. et al. (2002) Blood 100:1742.
- Anderson, M.G. et al. (2002) Nat. Genet. 30:81.
- Shikano, S. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:8125.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human Osteoactivin/GPNMB Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Lactic acid-induced M2-like macrophages facilitate tumor cell migration and invasion via the GPNMB/CD44 axis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lin, Y;Qi, Y;Jiang, M;Huang, W;Li, B;
International immunopharmacology
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC -
Elevation of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B in type 1 Gaucher disease patients and mouse models
FEBS Open Bio, 2016-07-30;6(9):902-13.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Plasma, Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-Fr, Western Blot -
The transcription factor MITF is a critical regulator of GPNMB expression in dendritic cells.
Authors: Gutknecht M, Geiger J, Joas S, Dorfel D, Salih H, Muller M, Grunebach F, Rittig S
Cell Commun Signal, 2015-03-24;13(0):19.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates, Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry, Western Blot -
GPNMB/OA protein increases the invasiveness of human metastatic prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC3 through MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity.
Authors: Fiorentini C, Bodei S, Bedussi F, Fragni M, Bonini S, Simeone C, Zani D, Berruti A, Missale C, Memo M, Spano P, Sigala S
Exp Cell Res, 2014-02-28;323(1):100-11.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: ICC -
Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B as a predictive prognostic factor in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma following radical nephrectomy.
Authors: Qin C, Liu Z, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Li H, Zhang C, Xu T, Wang X
Mol Med Rep, 2014-01-14;9(3):851-6.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC
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