Human Prolactin R Antibody Summary
Gln25-Asp234
Accession # P16471
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Scientific Data
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Prolactin R Inhibition of Prolactin-dependent Cell Proliferation and Neutralization by Human Prolactin R Antibody. Recombinant Human Prolactin R Fc Chimera (Catalog # 1167-PR) inhibits Recombinant Human Prolactin (Catalog # 682-PL) induced proliferation in the Nb2-11 rat lymphoma cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Inhibition of Recombinant Human Prolactin (0.5 ng/mL) activity elicited by Recombinant Human Prolactin R Fc Chimera (5 µg/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Mouse Anti-Human Prolactin R Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB1167). The ND50 is typically 2.5-9 µg/mL.
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Detection of Human Prolactin R by Block/Neutralize Effects of PRL and PRL or PRLR blocking antibodies on proliferation of cervical cancer cells. Effects on metabolic activity after the incubation with PRL (200 ng/ml), PRL-AB (200 ng/ml) or PRLR-AB (2.5 μg) for 3 or 5 days in HeLa, SiHa, C-33A (A, B, C) and control cells MCF-7, T-47D and HaCaT (D, E, F). Graphs show experiments performed in triplicate, which are repeated at least three times. *p<.05. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://cancerci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2867-13-103), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.
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Detection of Human Prolactin R by Block/Neutralize Effects of PRL and PRL or PRLR blocking antibodies on proliferation of cervical cancer cells. Effects on metabolic activity after the incubation with PRL (200 ng/ml), PRL-AB (200 ng/ml) or PRLR-AB (2.5 μg) for 3 or 5 days in HeLa, SiHa, C-33A (A, B, C) and control cells MCF-7, T-47D and HaCaT (D, E, F). Graphs show experiments performed in triplicate, which are repeated at least three times. *p<.05. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://cancerci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2867-13-103), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.
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Detection of Human Prolactin R by Block/Neutralize PRLR expression in human cervical cancer cells. SiHa, C-33A, HeLa (Cervical cancer cells) and control cells MCF-7, T-47D (breast cancer), HaCaT (Inmortalized human keratinocytes) were cultured in DMEM or RPMI medium containing 10% FBS. A) PRLR protein was determined by western blot using a specific antibody against the PRLR, PRLR proteins were identified by their size. B) Demonstration of the arbitrary optical density measurements from Western immunoblots assessing PRLR levels. C) The cells grown on coverslips were fixed, and the localization of PRLR (green) was observed by inmunocitochemistry using a secondary antibody conjugated with Alexa fluor 488 and DAPI stain (blue) to visualize the presence of cells. Magnification 10 x. D) Relative expression of PRLR mRNA was measure by quantitative RT-PCR. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://cancerci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2867-13-103), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.
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Detection of Human Prolactin R by Block/Neutralize Effects of PRL and PRL or PRLR blocking antibodies on proliferation of cervical cancer cells. Effects on metabolic activity after the incubation with PRL (200 ng/ml), PRL-AB (200 ng/ml) or PRLR-AB (2.5 μg) for 3 or 5 days in HeLa, SiHa, C-33A (A, B, C) and control cells MCF-7, T-47D and HaCaT (D, E, F). Graphs show experiments performed in triplicate, which are repeated at least three times. *p<.05. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://cancerci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2867-13-103), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.
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Detection of Human Prolactin R by Block/Neutralize Effects of PRL and PRL or PRLR blocking antibodies on proliferation of cervical cancer cells. Effects on metabolic activity after the incubation with PRL (200 ng/ml), PRL-AB (200 ng/ml) or PRLR-AB (2.5 μg) for 3 or 5 days in HeLa, SiHa, C-33A (A, B, C) and control cells MCF-7, T-47D and HaCaT (D, E, F). Graphs show experiments performed in triplicate, which are repeated at least three times. *p<.05. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://cancerci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2867-13-103), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.
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Detection of Human Prolactin R by Block/Neutralize Effects of PRL and PRL or PRLR blocking antibodies on proliferation of cervical cancer cells. Effects on metabolic activity after the incubation with PRL (200 ng/ml), PRL-AB (200 ng/ml) or PRLR-AB (2.5 μg) for 3 or 5 days in HeLa, SiHa, C-33A (A, B, C) and control cells MCF-7, T-47D and HaCaT (D, E, F). Graphs show experiments performed in triplicate, which are repeated at least three times. *p<.05. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://cancerci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2867-13-103), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.
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Detection of Human Prolactin R by Block/Neutralize Effects of PRL and PRL or PRLR blocking antibodies on proliferation of cervical cancer cells. Effects on metabolic activity after the incubation with PRL (200 ng/ml), PRL-AB (200 ng/ml) or PRLR-AB (2.5 μg) for 3 or 5 days in HeLa, SiHa, C-33A (A, B, C) and control cells MCF-7, T-47D and HaCaT (D, E, F). Graphs show experiments performed in triplicate, which are repeated at least three times. *p<.05. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://cancerci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2867-13-103), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: Prolactin R
The neuroendocrine pituitary hormone Prolactin (PRL), also known as lactotrophin, mamotrophin, luteotropic hormone (LTH), or luteotropin, is a secreted hormone that affects reproduction and homeostasis in vertebrates. The functions of PRL can be placed in six broad categories: 1) reproduction and lactation; 2) growth and development; 3) endocrinology and metabolism; 4) brain and behavior; 5) immunomodulation; and 6) electrolyte balance (1, 2). PRL is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, mammary gland, placenta, brain, uterus, decidua, dermal fibroblasts, B cells, T cells, NK cells, and some breast cancer cell lines. Although the major form of PRL is a 23 kDa monomeric protein, splice variants of 14, 16, and 22 kDa have been identified. PRL has also been found to be glycosylated, phosphorylated, dimerized, and polymerized. Glycosylation, phosphorylation, dimerization, or polymerization of PRL result in lower activity (2).
Cell activation by PRL is mediated by a single chain membrane-bound protein belonging to the class 1 cytokine superfamily. The PRL receptor (PRL R) contains an extracellular, transmembrane, and intracellular domain. Transcriptional regulation of the PRL R gene results in several different species-dependent isoforms of PRL R being produced. Although the cytoplasmic domains of the different isoforms vary in length and composition, their extracellular domains are identical. In rats, three major PRL receptor isoforms have been described, a short (291 amino acid), an intermediate (393 amino acid), and a long (591 amino acid) (2). PRL receptors are found in mammary tissue, pituitary gland, brain, heart, lung thymus, spleen, liver, pancreas, kidney, adrenal gland, uterus, skeletal muscle, and skin (3). A soluble form of PRL R containing the 206 NH2-terminal amino acids of the extracellular domain is secreted by mammary epithelial cells and is found in milk. Binding of the transmembrane PRL R results in ligand dimerization followed by binding and phosphorylation of Jak2. Jak2 then phosphorylates STAT and the long form of PRL R. C‑src, fyn, and the Ras/Raf/MAP kinase pathway have also been found to be activated upon PRL R ligand binding (2).
- Kelly, P.A. et al. (2001) Biochem. Society Transaction 29:48.
- Freeman, M.E. et al. (2000) Physiol. Rev. 80:1532.
- Nagano, M. and P.A. Kelly (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269:13337.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human Prolactin R Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 7
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CD36-mediated arachidonic acid influx from decidual stromal cells increases inflammatory macrophages in miscarriage
Authors: Chen, J;Yin, T;Hu, X;Chang, L;Sang, Y;Xu, L;Zhao, W;Liu, L;Xu, C;Lin, Y;Li, Y;Wu, Q;Li, D;Li, Y;Du, M;
Cell reports
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization -
Sleep promotes T-cell migration towards CCL19 via growth hormone and prolactin signaling in humans
Authors: Martínez-Albert, E;Lutz, ND;Hübener, R;Dimitrov, S;Lange, T;Born, J;Besedovsky, L;
Brain, behavior, and immunity
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
Applications: Neutralization -
The transcriptional responsiveness of LKB1 to STAT-mediated signaling is differentially modulated by prolactin in human breast cancer cells.
Authors: Linher-Melville, Katja, Singh, Gurmit
BMC Cancer, 2014-06-09;14(0):415.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
High expression of prolactin receptor is associated with cell survival in cervical cancer cells.
Authors: Lopez-Pulido E, Munoz-Valle J, Del Toro-Arreola S, Jave-Suarez L, Bueno-Topete M, Estrada-Chavez C, Pereira-Suarez A
Cancer Cell Int, 2013-10-22;13(1):103.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization -
Prolactin enhances interferon-gamma-induced production of CXC ligand 9 (CXCL9), CXCL10, and CXCL11 in human keratinocytes.
Authors: Kanda N, Watanabe S
Endocrinology, 2007-01-25;148(5):2317-25.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates, Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization, Western Blot -
The short isoform of PRLR suppresses the pentose phosphate pathway and nucleotide synthesis through the NEK9-Hippo axis in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Huizhen Nie, Pei-Qi Huang, Shu-Heng Jiang, Qin Yang, Li-Peng Hu, Xiao-Mei Yang et al.
Theranostics
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Lipopolysaccharide induces the expression of an autocrine prolactin loop enhancing inflammatory response in monocytes
Authors: Gonzalo López-Rincón, Ana L Pereira-Suárez, Susana Del Toro-Arreola, Pedro E Sánchez-Hernández, Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa, José Francisco Muñoz-Valle et al.
Journal of Inflammation
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