Human TGF-beta 2 Quantikine ELISA Kit Summary
Product Summary
Recovery
To assess recovery of the assay, samples of various matrices were spiked with three concentrations of TGF-beta 2, activated, and measured in the assay.
Sample Type | Average % Recovery | Range % |
---|---|---|
Cell Culture Media (n=5) | 101 | 89-113 |
Citrate Plasma (n=5) | 107 | 93-116 |
EDTA Plasma (n=5) | 101 | 95-111 |
Heparin Plasma (n=5) | 102 | 89-113 |
Serum (n=5) | 86 | 73-95 |
Linearity
Scientific Data
Product Datasheets
Preparation and Storage
Background: TGF-beta 2
TGF-beta 2 is synthesized as a prepro-cytokine with a 19 amino acid (aa) signal sequence, a 283 aa pro-region, and a 112 aa mature segment (1-5). It dimerizes with formation of disulfide bonds between the 'pro' regions and disulfide bonds between the 'mature' regions. The mature region is 71% and 80% identical with human TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 3 (6, 7) and 97% identical with the corresponding mouse protein (8). After proteolytic cleavage of the disulfide-linked mature region, it remains hydrogen-bonded to the disulfide-linked prosegments (LAP or latencyassociated protein) (1, 2, 9). If secreted in this form, LAP keeps TGF-beta 2 in an inactive state until dissociation, caused by proteases, glycosidases, or extreme pH (2, 9). In many types of cells, an additional protein, latent TGF-beta binding protein (LTBP), is covalently linked to the LAP homodimer prior to secretion. LTBP, a 130 kDa cysteine-rich glycoprotein, creates a 235 kDa large latent complex that is secreted, most likely binding to the extracellular matrix (1, 9-11). The latency components are believed to act as natural antagonists of TGF-beta activity, to target TGF-beta to distinct tissues, and to maintain a reservoir of TGF-beta (1, 2, 12). On release from latency, active homodimeric TGF-beta can bind to cell-surface receptors or to other proteins, such as alpha 2-macroglobulin (13).
Assay Procedure
Refer to the product- Prepare all reagents, standard dilutions, and samples as directed in the product insert.
- Remove excess microplate strips from the plate frame, return them to the foil pouch containing the desiccant pack, and reseal.
- Add 100 µL of the appropriate Assay Diluent to each well.
- Add 100 µL of Standard, control, or activated sample to each well. Cover with a plate sealer, and incubate at room temperature for 2 hours.
- Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process twice for a total of 3 washes.
- Add 200 µL of Conjugate to each well. Cover with a new plate sealer, and incubate at room temperature for 2 hours.
- Aspirate and wash 3 times.
- Add 200 µL Substrate Solution to each well. Incubate at room temperature for 20 minutes. PROTECT FROM LIGHT.
- Add 50 µL of Stop Solution to each well. Read at 450 nm within 30 minutes. Set wavelength correction to 540 nm or 570 nm.
Citations for Human TGF-beta 2 Quantikine ELISA Kit
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Mesenchymal stromal cells promote the drug resistance of gastrointestinal stromal tumors by activating the PI3K-AKT pathway via TGF-beta2
Authors: Y Zhao, Z Weng, X Zhou, Z Xu, B Cao, B Wang, J Li
Journal of Translational Medicine, 2023-03-25;21(1):219.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Impact of Sulfated Hyaluronan on Bone Metabolism in Diabetic Charcot Neuroarthropathy and Degenerative Arthritis
Authors: S Schulze, C Neuber, S Möller, U Hempel, LC Hofbauer, KD Schaser, J Pietzsch, S Rammelt
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-12-02;23(23):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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How Effective Is a Late-Onset Antihypertensive Treatment? Studies with Captopril as Monotherapy and in Combination with Nifedipine in Old Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: C Hawlitsche, J Brendel, P Gabriel, K Schierle, A Salameh, HG Zimmer, B Rassler
Biomedicines, 2022-08-12;10(8):.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Protein
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Maternal breast milk microbiota and immune markers in relation to subsequent development of celiac disease in offspring
Authors: J Štšepetova, K Simre, A Tagoma, O Uibo, A Peet, H Siljander, V Tillmann, M Knip, R Mändar, R Uibo
Scientific Reports, 2022-04-22;12(1):6607.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Breast Milk
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Oxidative Stress Enhances the TGF-beta2-RhoA-MRTF-A/B Axis in Cells Entering Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: K Sobierajsk, ME Wawro, J Niewiarows
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-02-13;23(4):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Desmoglein-2 harnesses a PDZ-GEF2/Rap1 signaling axis to control cell spreading and focal adhesions independent of cell-cell adhesion
Authors: WT Shelton, SM Thomas, HR Alexander, CE Thomes, DE Conway, AD Dubash
Scientific Reports, 2021-06-24;11(1):13295.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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A static magnetic field changes the expression profile of the transforming growth factor &beta family genes in human cells that have been treated with fluoride ions
Authors: M Kimsa-Dude, A Synowiec-W, A Krawczyk, C Kruszniews, J Gola
Cytokine, 2021-04-16;0(0):155537.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Role of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-induced interferon pathway signaling in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma therapeutic response
Authors: SP Korpela, TK Hinz, A Oweida, J Kim, J Calhoun, R Ferris, RA Nemenoff, SD Karam, ET Clambey, LE Heasley
Journal of Translational Medicine, 2021-01-23;19(1):43.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Age-induced accumulation of methylmalonic acid promotes tumour progression
Authors: AP Gomes, D Ilter, V Low, JE Endress, J Fernández-, A Rosenzweig, T Schild, D Broekaert, A Ahmed, M Planque, I Elia, J Han, C Kinzig, E Mullarky, AP Mutvei, J Asara, R de Cabo, LC Cantley, N Dephoure, SM Fendt, J Blenis
Nature, 2020-08-19;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Acidosis-Induced TGF-beta2 Production Promotes Lipid Droplet Formation in Dendritic Cells and Alters Their Potential to Support Anti-Mesothelioma T Cell Response
Authors: N Trempolec, C Degavre, B Doix, D Brusa, C Corbet, O Feron
Cancers (Basel), 2020-05-19;12(5):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Novel approach to visualize the inter-dependencies between maternal sensitization, breast milk immune components and human milk oligosaccharides in the LIFE Child cohort
Authors: L Michel, M Shevlyakov, E Ní Cléirig, E Eckhardt, S Holvoet, S Nutten, N Sprenger, A Körner, M Vogel, C Nembrini, W Kiess, C Blanchard
PLoS ONE, 2020-04-21;15(4):e0230472.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Breast Milk
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Does Caesarean Section or Preterm Delivery Influence TGF-&beta2 Concentrations in Human Colostrum?
Authors: B Kociszewsk, E Sibanda, DM Radomska-L, K Taradaj, P Kocio?ek, T Ginda, M Gruszfeld, E Jankowska-, B Pietrzak, M Wielgo?, J Malejczyk
Nutrients, 2020-04-15;12(4):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Super
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Activity of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis was impaired by dickkopf-1 targeting siRNA
Authors: YY Liu, SY Wang, YN Li, WJ Bian, LQ Zhang, YH Li, L Long, X Liu, XW Zhang, ZG Li
Chin. Med. J., 2020-03-20;0(6):679-686.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Dynamics of Early Signalling Events during Fracture Healing and Potential Serum Biomarkers of Fracture Non-Union in Humans
Authors: AN Burska, PV Giannoudis, BH Tan, D Ilas, E Jones, F Ponchel
J Clin Med, 2020-02-11;9(2):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Angiogenic Effects of Human Dental Pulp and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and their Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: G Merckx, B Hosseinkha, S Kuypers, S Deville, J Irobi, I Nelissen, L Michiels, I Lambrichts, A Bronckaers
Cells, 2020-01-28;9(2):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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TGFbeta2-induced formation of lipid droplets supports acidosis-driven EMT and the metastatic spreading of cancer cells
Authors: C Corbet, E Bastien, JP Santiago d, E Dierge, R Martherus, C Vander Lin, B Doix, C Degavre, C Guilbaud, L Petit, C Michiels, C Dessy, Y Larondelle, O Feron
Nat Commun, 2020-01-23;11(1):454.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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MicroRNA-411 and Its 5'-IsomiR Have Distinct Targets and Functions and Are Differentially Regulated in the Vasculature under Ischemia
Authors: RVCT van der Kw, T Woudenberg, PHA Quax, AY Nossent
Mol. Ther., 2019-10-07;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Oral Tolerance Induction to Newly Introduced Allergen is Favored by a Transforming Growth Factor-beta-Enriched Formula
Authors: S Holvoet, M Perrot, N de Groot, G Prioult, T Mikogami, V Verhasselt, S Nutten
Nutrients, 2019-09-13;11(9):.
Species: Bovine
Sample Types: Milk Whey
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KLF4 prevents epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human corneal epithelial cells via endogenous TGF- β2 suppression
Authors: S Fujimoto, R Hayashi, S Hara, Y Sasamoto, J Harrington, M Tsujikawa, K Nishida
Regen Ther, 2019-09-12;11(0):249-257.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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TGF-? concentrations and activity are down-regulated in the aqueous humor of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: GM Tosi, G Neri, E Caldi, F Fusco, T Bacci, A Tarantello, E Nuti, D Marigliani, S Baiocchi, C Traversi, M Barbarino, CM Eandi, B Parolini, L Mundo, A Santucci, M Orlandini, F Galvagni
Sci Rep, 2018-05-23;8(1):8053.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Aqueous Humor
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Transforming growth factor ?2 (TGF?2) signaling plays a key role in glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension
Authors: RB Kasetti, P Maddineni, P Patel, C Searby, VC Sheffield, GS Zode
J. Biol. Chem., 2018-05-09;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the expression of extracellular matrix genes in retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: JE Ramos de C, MT Verwoert, IMC Vogels, EA Reits, CJF Van Noorde, I Klaassen, RO Schlingema
Biochem Biophys Rep, 2018-01-28;13(0):83-92.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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MicroRNA-30b controls endothelial cell capillary morphogenesis through regulation of transforming growth factor beta 2
Authors: GA Howe, K Kazda, CL Addison
PLoS ONE, 2017-10-04;12(10):e0185619.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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GDF15 is elevated in mice following retinal ganglion cell death and in glaucoma patients
Authors: N Ban, CJ Siegfried, JB Lin, YB Shui, J Sein, W Pita-Thoma, A Sene, A Santeford, M Gordon, R Lamb, Z Dong, SC Kelly, V Cavalli, J Yoshino, RS Apte
JCI Insight, 2017-05-04;2(9):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Aqueous Humor
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Active transforming growth factor-?2 in the aqueous humor of posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy patients
Authors: A Stadnikova, L Dudakova, P Skalicka, Z Valenta, M Filipec, K Jirsova
PLoS ONE, 2017-04-17;12(4):e0175509.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Aqueous Humor
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MicroRNA-381 inhibits the metastasis of gastric cancer by targeting TMEM16A expression
Authors: Q Cao, F Liu, K Ji, N Liu, Y He, W Zhang, L Wang
J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res, 2017-02-13;36(1):29.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling regulates transforming growth factor beta (TGF?)-dependent smooth muscle cell phenotype modulation
Sci Rep, 2016-09-16;6(0):33407.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Remyelination Is Correlated with Regulatory T Cell Induction Following Human Embryoid Body-Derived Neural Precursor Cell Transplantation in a Viral Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Warren C Plaisted
PLoS ONE, 2016-06-16;11(6):e0157620.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
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Exosomes in Human Breast Milk Promote EMT
Authors: W Qin, Y Tsukasaki, S Dasgupta, N Mukhopadhy, M Ikebe, ER Sauter
Clin Cancer Res, 2016-04-08;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
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An Inducible TGF-beta2-TGFbetaR Pathway Modulates the Sensitivity of HNSCC Cells to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Targeting Dominant Receptor Tyrosine Kinases.
Authors: Kleczko E, Kim J, Keysar S, Heasley L, Eagles J, Simon M, Marshall M, Singleton K, Jimeno A, Tan A, Heasley L
PLoS ONE, 2015-05-06;10(5):e0123600.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Differential knockdown of TGF-beta ligands in a three-dimensional co-culture tumor- stromal interaction model of lung cancer.
Authors: Horie M, Saito A, Noguchi S, Yamaguchi Y, Ohshima M, Morishita Y, Suzuki H, Kohyama T, Nagase T
BMC Cancer, 2014-08-09;14(0):580.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Time-dependent expression profiles of microRNAs and mRNAs in rat milk whey.
Authors: Izumi, Hirohisa, Kosaka, Nobuyosh, Shimizu, Takashi, Sekine, Kazunori, Ochiya, Takahiro, Takase, Mitsunor
PLoS ONE, 2014-02-12;9(2):e88843.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Serum
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TGF-beta signaling regulates neuronal C1q expression and developmental synaptic refinement.
Authors: Bialas A, Stevens B
Nat Neurosci, 2013-10-27;16(12):1773-82.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Vitamin D favorably alters the cancer promoting prostaglandin cascade.
Authors: Qin W, Smith C, Jensen M, Holick M, Sauter E
Anticancer Res, 2013-09-01;33(9):3861-6.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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The systemic cytokine environment is permanently altered in multiple myeloma.
Authors: Zheng M, Zhang Z, Bemis K, Belch A, Pilarski L, Shively J, Kirshner J
PLoS ONE, 2013-03-27;8(3):e58504.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Differential expression of cancer associated proteins in breast milk based on age at first full term pregnancy.
Authors: Qin W, Zhang K, Kliethermes B, Ruhlen RL, Browne EP, Arcaro KF, Sauter ER
BMC Cancer, 2012-03-21;12(0):100.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Milk
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Mechanisms inducing low bone density in duchenne muscular dystrophy in mice and humans.
Authors: Rufo A, Del Fattore A, Capulli M, Carvello F, De Pasquale L, Ferrari S, Pierroz D, Morandi L, De Simone M, Rucci N, Bertini E, Bianchi ML, De Benedetti F, Teti A
J. Bone Miner. Res., 2011-08-01;26(8):1891-903.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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An autocrine TGF-beta/ZEB/miR-200 signaling network regulates establishment and maintenance of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Authors: Gregory PA, Bracken CP, Smith E, Bert AG, Wright JA, Roslan S, Morris M, Wyatt L, Farshid G, Lim YY, Lindeman GJ, Shannon MF, Drew PA, Khew-Goodall Y, Goodall GJ
Mol. Biol. Cell, 2011-03-16;22(10):1686-98.
Species: Canine
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Maternal country of origin, breast milk characteristics and potential influences on immunity in offspring.
Authors: Holmlund U, Amoudruz P, Johansson MA, Haileselassie Y, Ongoiba A, Kayentao K, Traore B, Doumbo S, Schollin J, Doumbo O, Montgomery SM, Sverremark-Ekstrom E
Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2010-10-05;162(3):500-9.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Milk
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Urinary proinflammatory cytokine response in renal transplant recipients with polyomavirus BK viruria.
Authors: Sadeghi M, Daniel V, Schnitzler P, Lahdou I, Naujokat C, Zeier M, Opelz G
Transplantation, 2009-11-15;88(9):1109-16.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Urine
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Potent inhibition of cicatricial contraction in proliferative vitreoretinal diseases by statins.
Authors: Kawahara S, Hata Y, Kita T, Arita R, Miura M, Nakao S, Mochizuki Y, Enaida H, Kagimoto T, Goto Y, Hafezi-Moghadam A, Ishibashi T
Diabetes, 2008-07-03;57(10):2784-93.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Vitreous Humor
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Connective tissue growth factor as a mediator of intraocular fibrosis.
Authors: He S, Chen Y, Khankan R, Barron E, Burton R, Zhu D, Ryan SJ, Oliver N, Hinton DR
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2008-04-30;49(9):4078-88.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Connexin43 knockdown accelerates wound healing but inhibits mesenchymal transition after corneal endothelial injury in vivo.
Authors: Nakano Y, Oyamada M, Dai P, Nakagami T, Kinoshita S, Takamatsu T
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2008-01-01;49(1):93-104.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Aqueous Humor
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Short communication: decreasing soluble CD30 and increasing IFN-gamma plasma levels are indicators of effective highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Authors: Sadeghi M, Susal C, Daniel V, Naujokat C, Zimmermann R, Huth-Kuhne A, Opelz G
AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 2007-07-01;23(7):886-90.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Interferon-gamma differentially regulates TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells through JAK-STAT pathway.
Authors: Nagineni CN, Cherukuri KS, Kutty V, Detrick B, Hooks JJ
J. Cell. Physiol., 2007-01-01;210(1):192-200.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Tumor-derived TGFbeta-1 induces dendritic cell apoptosis in the sentinel lymph node.
Authors: Ito M, Minamiya Y, Kawai H, Saito S, Saito H, Nakagawa T, Imai K, Hirokawa M, Ogawa J
J. Immunol., 2006-05-01;176(9):5637-43.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
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Strong inflammatory cytokine response in male and strong anti-inflammatory response in female kidney transplant recipients with urinary tract infection.
Authors: Sadeghi M, Daniel V, Naujokat C, Wiesel M, Hergesell O, Opelz G
Transpl. Int., 2005-02-01;18(2):177-85.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Effect of ozone exposure on airway responses to inhaled allergen in asthmatic subjects.
Authors: Chen LL, Tager IB, Peden DB, Christian DL, Ferrando RE, Welch BS, Balmes JR
Chest, 2004-06-01;125(6):2328-35.
Species: Human
Sample Types: BALF
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T cell-specific ablation of Fas leads to Fas ligand-mediated lymphocyte depletion and inflammatory pulmonary fibrosis.
Authors: Hao Z, Hampel B, Yagita H, Rajewsky K
J. Exp. Med., 2004-05-17;199(10):1355-65.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Role of transforming growth factor-beta in breast milk for initiation of IgA production in newborn infants.
Authors: Ogawa J, Sasahara A, Yoshida T, Sira MM, Futatani T, Kanegane H, Miyawaki T
Early Hum. Dev., 2004-04-01;77(1):67-75.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Colostrum
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Expression of connective tissue growth factor after glaucoma filtration surgery in a rabbit model.
Authors: Esson DW, Neelakantan A, Iyer SA, Blalock TD, Balasubramanian L, Grotendorst GR, Schultz GS, Sherwood MB
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2004-02-01;45(2):485-91.
Species: Rabbit
Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
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Transforming growth factor-beta -Smad signaling pathway cooperates with NF-kappa B to mediate nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-induced MUC2 mucin transcription.
Authors: Jono H, Shuto T, Xu H, Kai H, Lim DJ, Gum JR, Kim YS, Yamaoka S, Feng XH, Li JD
J. Biol. Chem., 2002-09-16;277(47):45547-57.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Gene transfer of soluble TGF-beta type II receptor inhibits experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Authors: Oshima Y, Sakamoto T, Hisatomi T, Tsutsumi C, Ueno H, Ishibashi T
Gene Ther., 2002-09-01;9(18):1214-20.
Species: Rabbit
Sample Types: Vitreous Humor
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Ovariectomy increases mitogens and platelet-induced proliferation of arterial smooth muscle.
Authors: Bracamonte MP, Rud KS, Owen WG, Miller VM
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2002-09-01;283(3):H853-60.
Species: Porcine
Sample Types: Cell Lysates, Plasma
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Progesterone upregulates TGF-b isoforms (b1, b2, and b3) expression in normal human osteoblast-like cells.
Authors: Luo XH, Liao EY, Su X
Calcif. Tissue Int., 2002-08-06;71(4):329-34.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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AF5, a CNS cell line immortalized with an N-terminal fragment of SV40 large T: growth, differentiation, genetic stability, and gene expression.
Authors: Truckenmiller ME, Vawter MP, Zhang P, Conejero-Goldberg C, Dillon-Carter O, Morales N, Cheadle C, Becker KG, Freed WJ
Exp. Neurol., 2002-06-01;175(0):318.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Circadian variations of transforming growth factor-beta2 and basic fibroblast growth factor in the rabbit aqueous humor.
Authors: Liu JH
Curr. Eye Res., 2002-01-01;24(1):75-80.
Species: Rabbit
Sample Types: Aqueous Humor
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Transforming growth factor-beta in breast milk: a potential regulator of atopic disease at an early age.
Authors: Kalliomaki M, Ouwehand A, Arvilommi H, Kero P, Isolauri E
J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 1999-12-01;104(6):1251-7.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Milk
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Human TGF-beta 2 Quantikine ELISA Kit was used to quantify TGF-beta 2 in aqueous humor samples from cats with glaucoma.