Human VAP-B Antibody

Catalog #: AF5855 Datasheet / COA / SDS

Catalog #	Availability	Size / Price	Qty
AF5855
AF5855-SP

Detection of Human VAP-B by Western Blot.

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Summary Data Examples Preparation and Storage Reconstitution Calculator Background Product Datasheets Related Research Areas

Human VAP-B Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity

Human

Specificity

Detects human VAP-B in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs, approximately 60% cross-reactivity with recombinant rat VAP-B is observed and less than 5% cross-reactivity with recombinant human VAP-A is observed.

Source

Polyclonal Sheep IgG

Purification

Antigen Affinity-purified

Immunogen

E. coli-derived recombinant human VAP-B
Ala2-Pro132
Accession # O95292

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

Applications

Recommended Concentration

Sample

Western Blot

1 µg/mL

See below

Immunohistochemistry

5-15 µg/mL

See below

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Western Blot

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Detection of Human VAP-B by Western Blot. Western blot shows lysates of human skeletal muscle tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Sheep Anti-Human VAP-B Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF5855) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Sheep IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF016). A specific band was detected for VAP-B at approximately 30 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 8.

Immunohistochemistry

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VAP‑B in Human Brain. VAP-B was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human brain (cerebellum) using Sheep Anti-Human VAP-B Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF5855) at 10 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Before incubation with the primary antibody, tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (Catalog # CTS013). Tissue was stained using the Anti-Sheep HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS019) and counter-stained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to neuronal cell bodies. View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.

Reconstitution Calculator

Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution

Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Shipping

Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: VAP-B

Vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-associated protein B (VAP-B; also VAMP-B) is an ~30 kDa ubiquitously expressed type IV transmembrane protein belonging to the VAP family (1, 2). It is found in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi and other membranes as a homodimer or a heterodimer with VAP-A, probably associating through a GxxxG motif in the transmembrane regions (1, 2). Human VAP-B cDNA encodes 243 amino acids (aa) that include a 222 aa cytoplasmic domain and a 21 aa C-terminal membrane anchor. The cytoplasmic domain contains a mobile sperm protein (MSP) domain (aa 7‑124) and a coiled-coil region (aa 159‑196). Human VAP-B shares 90%, 89%, 96%, 96% and 94% aa identity with mouse, rat, canine, bovine and porcine VAP-B, respectively. VAP-A and VAP-B MSP domains recruit FFAT (two phenylalanines in an acidic tract)-motif-containing proteins to the cytosolic surface of ER membranes (2‑4). FFAT proteins mediate many of the effects of VAPs on regulation of membrane transport, phospholipid biosynthesis, microtubule organization, and the unfolded protein response (2, 3). VAPs also interact with some SNARE and viral proteins (2). A human polymorphism of VAP-B, P56S, is found in three familial motor neuron diseases, notably the amylotrophic lateral sclerosis variant ALS8 (2). It produces a non-functional protein that can dimerize with and inhibit function of normal VAP-B, leading formation of intracellular aggregates and increased ER-stress-induced death of motor neurons (5‑7). It can also promote cleavage and secretion of soluble VAP-B, which can then function as a ligand for EPH receptors (8). A naturally occurring 99 aa isoform of VAP-B that diverges at aa 71 within the MSP domain is termed VAP-C (1, 9). It also appears to be a negative regulator of VAP-A and VAP-B (9). While VAP-B is used by hepatitis C virus (HCV) for its propagation, VAP-C inhibits HCV propagation (9).

References

Nishimura, Y. et al. (1999) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 254:21.
Lev, S. et al. (2008) Trends Cell Biol. 18:282.
Peretti, D. et al. (2008) Mol. Biol. Cell 19:3871.
Kaiser, S.E. et al. (2005) Structure 13:1035.
Prosser, D.C. et al. (2008) J. Cell Sci. 121:3052.
Gkogkas, C. et al. (2008) Hum. Mol. Genet. 17:1517.
Suzuki, H. et al. (2009) J. Neurochem. 108:973.
Tsuda, H. et al. (2008) Cell 133:963.
Kukihara, H. et al. (2009) J. Virol. 83:7959.

Long Name

VAMP [Vesicle-associated Membrane Protein]-associated Protein B and C

Entrez Gene IDs

9217 (Human); 56491 (Mouse); 60431 (Rat)

Alternate Names

ALS8; ALS8VAMP-B/VAMP-C; VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein)-associated protein B and C; VAMP-associated 33 kDa protein; VAMP-associated protein B/C; VAMP-B; VAMP-C; VAPB; VAP-B; VAP-B/VAP-C; VAPC; VAP-C; vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B/C