Mouse Lymphotoxin-alpha /TNF-beta Biotinylated Antibody Summary
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Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: Lymphotoxin-alpha/TNF-beta
Tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-beta ), also known as lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-alpha ), is a secreted homotrimeric glycoprotein belonging to the TNF superfamily and is designated TNFSF1B. It is produced by NK, T, and B cells. TNF-beta was originally identified as protein that kills tumor cells in cell culture supernatants of a lymphoblastoid cell line. The TNF-beta subunit also associates with the type II transmembrane TNF superfamily protein lymphotoxin beta (LT beta ) to generate two types of heterotrimers designated as LT alpha 1 beta 2 (a single TNF-beta chain non-covalently associated with two chains of LT beta ), and LT alpha 2 beta 1 (1, 2). TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, and LT beta form a subfamily of the TNF related ligands. Their genes are genetically linked within a compact cluster inside the major histocompatibility complex locus (2, 3). The soluble TNF-beta binds and signals through TNF R1 and TNF R2. In contrast, the membrane-bound LT alpha 1 beta 2 interacts specifically with the LT beta receptor (LT beta R), which does not bind TNF-beta or TNF-alpha. Both TNFR1 and TNFR2 bind LT alpha 2 beta 1, which is recognized weakly by LT beta R (4, 5). TNF R1 and 2 express very broadly, while expression of LT beta R is restricted to stromal cells of lymphoid tissues. Herpesvirus entry mediator binds TNF-beta in vitro (6). The physiological importance of such interaction, if it occurs in vivo, is unclear. Distinct functions attributed to TNF-beta from transgenic knock-out mice include, loss of lymph node development, change in splenic architecture, impaired germinal center formation, and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (7, 8). TNF-beta also has overlapping physiological functions with LT beta and TNF-alpha in lymphoid organogenesis (7). Mouse and human TNF-beta share approximately 74% homology in their amino acid sequence.
- Aggarwal, B.B. (2003) Nature Rev. Immunol. 3:745.
- Browning, J.L. et al. (1993) Cell 72:846.
- Browning, J.L. et al. (1995) J. Immunol. 154:33.
- Pokholok, D.K. et al. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:674.
- Aggarwal, B.B. et al. (1985) Nature 318:665.
- Crowe, P.D. et al. (1994) Science 264:707.
- Mauri, D.N. et al. (1998) Immunity 8:21.
- Tumanov, A.V. et al. (2003) Cytokine & Growth Factor Rev. 14:275.
- Roach, D.R. et al. (2001) J. Exp. Med. 193:239.
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