Recombinant Cynomolgus VISTA/B7-H5/PD-1H His-tag Protein, CF

Recombinant Cynomolgus VISTA/B7-H5/PD-1H His-tag Protein, CF Summary

Product Specifications

Product Datasheets

Carrier Free

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: VISTA/B7-H5/PD-1H

V-type immunoglobulin domain-containing suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA), also known as B7-H5, Platelet receptor Gi24, and SISP1, is a transmembrane glycoprotein with homology to B7 family of immune co‑stimulatory molecules (1, 2). Mature cynomolgus VISTA consists of an extracellular domain (ECD) with one V‑type Ig‑like domain, a transmembrane segment, and a cytoplasmic domain containing a Src homology 2 (SH2)-binding motif and three C-terminal SH3-binding regions (3). Within the ECD, cynomolgus VISTA shares 96% and 69% amino acid sequence identity with human and mouse VISTA, respectively. In human, the ECD can be shed by MT1‑MMP, leaving behind a fragment in the membrane (4). VISTA promotes both MT1‑MMP expression and the MT1‑MMP mediated activation of MMP2 (4). VISTA supports the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESC) and enhances BMP4 induced signaling in ESC but is also down‑regulated following BMP4 exposure (5, 6). VISTA can bind to BMP4 directly and is also capable of associating with the type I BMP receptor Activin RIB/ALK4 (5, 6). VISTA is expressed on the surface of naïve CD4+ T cells and regulatory T cells and functions as an immune checkpoint protein involved in the regulation of T cell activity (3, 7, 8). VISTA is up‑regulated in vivo on activated monocytes and dendritic cells and its overexpression results in reduced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation and proliferation and decreased IL2 and IFN-gamma production (6, 7). VISTA expression on tumor cells attenuates the anti‑tumor immune response and enables more rapid tumor progression (7). In contrast, VISTA limits disease progression in the autoimmune disease model EAE (7). VISTA has recently shown to interact with VSIG3 and PSGL1 (9, 10).

Related Research Areas

• Coagulation
• Co-stimulatory and Co-inhibitory Molecules
• Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Markers
• Metalloproteases and Regulators
• MMPs, TIMPs and Related Molecules
• Search Immune Checkpoint Targets