Recombinant Human Activin AB Protein Summary
Product Specifications
| Human Activin beta A (Gly311 - Ser426) Accession # NP_002183.1 |
| Human Activin beta B (Gly293 - Ala407) Accession # NP_002184.2 | |
| N-terminus | C-terminus |
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
1066-AB
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in 4 mM HCl. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
1066-AB/CF
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with Trehalose. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 µg/mL in 4 mM HCl. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Reconstitution Calculator
Background: Activin AB
Activins, members of the TGF-beta superfamily, are disulfide-linked dimeric proteins that were originally purified from gonadal fluids as proteins that stimulated pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release. Activin proteins have since been shown to have a wide range of biological activities including: mesoderm induction, neural cell differentiation, bone remodeling, hematopoiesis and roles in reproductive physiology. Activins are produced as precursor proteins with an amino-terminal propeptide that is cleaved to release the carboxy-terminal bioactive ligands. Activins are homodimers or heterodimers of the various beta subunit isoforms. Five beta subunits (mammalian beta A, beta B, beta C, beta E and Xenopus beta D) have been cloned. The nomenclature reflects the subunit composition of the proteins: Activin A ( beta A - beta A), Activin B ( beta B - beta B), and Activin AB ( beta A - beta B). Activin A, Activin B, and Activin AB are present in gonadal tissues and are biologically active proteins. However, little is known about the contribution of the other beta subunits to Activin formation and function since knock-outs of beta C and beta E in mice do not exhibit a phenotype.
At the amino acid sequence level, the mature human beta A subunit is 100% identical to mouse beta A, while the mature human and mouse beta B subunits share 98% identity. The mature beta A and beta B subunits share less than 80% amino acid identity. Mice with targeted mutations of beta A, beta B, or both genes do not show mesodermal defects, indicating Activin is not involved in mesoderm formation in mammals as it is in Xenopus. Also, the double homozygous mutants have the whole spectrum of defects associated with either mutation alone, suggesting that Activin beta A and beta B do not compensate for one another, nor do they have overlapping functions. Similar to other TGF-beta family members, Activins exert their biological activities through binding to the heterodimeric complex composed of two membrane spanning serine-threonine kinases designated type I and type II. Activin binds directly to ACT RII, the complex then associates with ACT RI and initiates signaling through the SMADs.
Citations for Recombinant Human Activin AB Protein
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 5
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Activin Receptor Type IIA (ACVR2A) Functions Directly in Osteoblasts as a Negative Regulator of Bone Mass
Authors: BC Goh, V Singhal, AJ Herrera, RE Tomlinson, S Kim, MC Faugere, EL Germain-Le, TL Clemens, SJ Lee, DJ DiGirolamo
J. Biol. Chem., 2017-06-28;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Activin A more prominently regulates muscle mass in primates than does GDF8
Authors: E Latres, J Mastaitis, W Fury, L Miloscio, J Trejos, J Pangilinan, H Okamoto, K Cavino, E Na, A Papatheodo, T Willer, Y Bai, J Hae Kim, A Rafique, S Jaspers, T Stitt, AJ Murphy, GD Yancopoulo, J Gromada
Nat Commun, 2017-04-28;8(0):15153.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
Applications: Surface Plasmon Resonance -
Pluripotency gene expression and growth control in cultures of peripheral blood monocytes during their conversion into programmable cells of monocytic origin (PCMO): evidence for a regulatory role of autocrine activin and TGF-beta.
Authors: Ungefroren H, Hyder A, Hinz H, Groth S, Lange H, El-Sayed K, Ehnert S, Nussler A, Fandrich F, Gieseler F
PLoS ONE, 2015-02-23;10(2):e0118097.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Soluble Endoglin Specifically Binds Bone Morphogenetic Proteins 9 and 10 via Its Orphan Domain, Inhibits Blood Vessel Formation, and Suppresses Tumor Growth.
Authors: Castonguay R, Werner ED, Matthews RG, Presman E, Mulivor AW, Solban N, Sako D, Pearsall RS, Underwood KW, Seehra J, Kumar R, Grinberg AV
J. Biol. Chem., 2011-07-07;286(34):30034-46.
Species: Human, Mouse
Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
Applications: Surface Plasmon Resonance -
Activin A is an endogenous inhibitor of ureteric bud outgrowth from the Wolffian duct.
Authors: Maeshima A, Vaughn DA, Choi Y, Nigam SK
Dev. Biol., 2006-04-27;295(2):473-85.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: Bioassay
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