Recombinant Human IL-21R Fc Chimera Protein, CF Summary
Product Specifications
Human IL-21 R Subunit (Cys20-Pro236) Accession # Q9HBE5 |
DIEGRMD | Human IgG1 (Pro100-Lys330) |
N-terminus | C-terminus | |
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
991-R2
Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 500 μg/mL in sterile PBS. |
Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Scientific Data
Measured by its ability to inhibit IL-21-dependent enhancement of IFN-gamma secretion in NK-92 human natural killer lymphoma cells. The ED50 for this effect is 40-400 ng/mL.
Reconstitution Calculator
Background: IL-21R
Interleukin-21 Receptor (IL-21 R) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein within the class I cytokine receptor family (1). IL-21 R associates with the common gamma chain ( gamma c) which is also a component of the receptors for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-13, and IL-15 (2, 3). Mature human IL-21 R consists of a 213 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD) with 4 conserved cysteine residues, a fibronectin type III domain, and a WSxWS motif, followed by a 21 aa transmembrane domain and a 253 aa cytoplasmic domain with a Box 1 motif, a kinase domain, and several sites for tyrosine phosphorylation (4, 5). Within the ECD, human IL-21 R shares 69% aa identity with mouse and rat IL-21 R, respectively. IL-21 R is expressed mainly on B cells (highest on mature, activated, follicular and germinal center B cells), NK cells, and activated T cells, but is also found on dendritic cells, alternatively activated macrophages, intestinal lamina propria fibroblasts and epithelial cells, and keratinocytes (1, 4, 5). Both IL-21 and IL-4 are necessary for efficient B cell IgG1 production and normal germinal center architecture (6). B cell IL-21 R engagement induces Blimp-1 (which mediates plasma cell differentiation) and is important for memory responses (7, 8). IL-21 R engagement enhances NK cell mediated cytotoxic activity and IFN-gamma production (4, 9), control of viral infection and tumor growth by CD8+ T cells (10), development of regulatory T cells (11), IL-23 responsiveness of encephalitogenic Th17 cells (12), but suppresses the accumulation of IL-17 secreting gamma δ T cells in the airway (13). IL-21 R expression is often upregulated in allergic skin inflammation, systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (14, 15).
- Tangye, S.G. (2015) Curr. Opin. Immunol. 34:107.
- Asao, H. et al. (2001) J. Immunol. 167:1.
- Habib, T. et al. (2002) Biochemistry 41:8725.
- Parrish-Novak, et al. (2000) Nature 408:57.
- Ozaki, K. et al. (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:11439.
- Ozaki, K. et al. (2002) Science 298:1630.
- Rankin, A.L. et al. (2011) J. Immunol. 186:667.
- King, I.L. et al. (2010) J. Immunol. 185:6138.
- Kasaian, M.T. et al. (2002) Immunity 16:559.
- Frohlich, A. et al. (2009 Science 324:1576.
- Tortola, L. et al. (2010) Blood 116:5200.
- Lee, Y. et al. (2015) J. Clin. Invest. 125:4011.
- Moser, E.K. et al. (2015) PLoS One 10:e0120169.
- Jin, H. et al. (2009) J. Clin. Invest. 119:47.
- Sarosiek, K.A. et al. (2010) Blood 115:570.
Citations for Recombinant Human IL-21R Fc Chimera Protein, CF
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Altered Circulating Follicular T Helper Cell Subsets and Follicular T Regulatory Cells Are Indicators of a Derailed B Cell Response in Lupus, Which Could Be Modified by Targeting IL-21R
Authors: K Szabó, I Jámbor, K Pázmándi, N Nagy, G Papp, T Tarr
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-10-13;23(20):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture -
DOCK8 is essential for LFA-1 dependent positioning of T follicular helper cells in germinal centers
Authors: E Janssen, M Tohme, J Butts, SS Giguere, PT Sage, FE Velázquez, C Kam, E Milin, M Das, A Sobh, S Al-Tamemi, FW Luscinskas, F Batista, RS Geha
JCI Insight, 2020-08-06;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Activation and induction of antigen-specific T follicular helper cells (TFH) play a critical role in LAIV-induced human mucosal anti-influenza antibody response
Authors: A Aljurayyan, S Puksuriwon, M Ahmed, R Sharma, M Krishnan, S Sood, K Davies, D Rajashekar, S Leong, PS McNamara, S Gordon, Q Zhang
J. Virol., 2018-05-14;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Allogeneic dendritic cells stimulated with antibodies against HLA class II polarize naive T cells in a follicular helper phenotype
Authors: O Désy, S Béland, P Vallin, J Riopel, E Latulippe, E Wagner, SA De Serres
Sci Rep, 2018-03-05;8(1):4025.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
CD4 T-cell cytokines synergize to induce proliferation of malignant and nonmalignant innate intraepithelial lymphocytes
Authors: YM Kooy-Winke, D Bouwer, GM Janssen, A Thompson, MH Brugman, F Schmitz, AH de Ru, T van Gils, G Bouma, JJ van Rood, PA van Veelen, ML Mearin, CJ Mulder, F Koning, J van Bergen
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 2017-01-03;0(0):.
Applications: Bioassay -
Augmentation of Circulating Follicular Helper T Cells and Their Impact on Autoreactive B Cells in Myasthenia Gravis
J Immunol, 2016-08-19;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Interleukin-21 Induces Proliferation and Proinflammatory Cytokine Profile of Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Authors: Xing R, Yang L, Jin Y, Sun L, Li C, Li Z, Zhao J, Liu X
Scand J Immunol, 2016-01-01;83(1):64-71.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Cell-Intrinsic gp130 Signaling on CD4+ T Cells Shapes Long-Lasting Antiviral Immunity.
Authors: Harker J, Wong K, Dolgoter A, Zuniga E
J Immunol, 2015-06-17;195(3):1071-81.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: IHC -
CD4+ T cell-derived IL-21 and deprivation of CD40 signaling favor the in vivo development of granzyme B-expressing regulatory B cells in HIV patients.
Authors: Kaltenmeier C, Gawanbacht A, Beyer T, Lindner S, Trzaska T, van der Merwe J, Harter G, Gruner B, Fabricius D, Lotfi R, Schwarz K, Schutz C, Honig M, Schulz A, Kern P, Bommer M, Schrezenmeier H, Kirchhoff F, Jahrsdorfer B
J Immunol, 2015-03-16;194(8):3768-77.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Impaired antibody response to influenza vaccine in HIV-infected and uninfected aging women is associated with immune activation and inflammation.
Authors: Parmigiani A, Alcaide M, Freguja R, Pallikkuth S, Frasca D, Fischl M, Pahwa S
PLoS ONE, 2013-11-13;8(11):e79816.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Blood CD4+CD45RO+CXCR5+ T cells are decreased but partially functional in signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 deficiency.
Authors: Mazerolles F, Picard C, Kracker S, Fischer A, Durandy A
J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2013-02-10;131(4):1146-56, 1156.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Anti-programmed cell death 1 antibody reduces CD4+PD-1+ T cells and relieves the lupus-like nephritis of NZB/W F1 mice.
Authors: Kasagi S, Kawano S, Okazaki T, Honjo T, Morinobu A, Hatachi S, Shimatani K, Tanaka Y, Minato N, Kumagai S
J. Immunol., 2010-02-05;184(5):2337-47.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Interleukin-17 and interferon-gamma are produced concomitantly by human coronary artery-infiltrating T cells and act synergistically on vascular smooth muscle cells.
Authors: Eid RE, Rao DA, Zhou J, Lo SF, Ranjbaran H, Gallo A, Sokol SI, Pfau S, Pober JS, Tellides G
Circulation, 2009-03-02;119(10):1424-32.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Detuning CD8+ T lymphocytes by down-regulation of the activating receptor NKG2D: role of NKG2D ligands released by activated T cells.
Authors: Cerboni C, Ardolino M, Santoni A, Zingoni A
Blood, 2009-01-05;113(13):2955-64.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Control of matrix metalloproteinase production in human intestinal fibroblasts by interleukin 21.
Authors: Monteleone G, Caruso R, Fina D, Peluso I, Gioia V, Stolfi C, Fantini MC, Caprioli F, Tersigni R, Alessandroni L, MacDonald TT, Pallone F
Gut, 2006-05-08;55(12):1774-80.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
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