Recombinant Human Osteoactivin/GPNMB Fc Chimera Protein, CF
Recombinant Human Osteoactivin/GPNMB Fc Chimera Protein, CF Summary
Product Specifications
Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.
| Human Osteoactivin (Lys23 - Asn486) Accession #NP_002501 | IEGRMD | Human IgG1 (Pro100 - Lys330) |
| N-terminus | C-terminus | |
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
2550-AC
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Reconstitution Calculator
Background: Osteoactivin/GPNMB
Osteoactivin (also GPNMB and DC-HIL) is a variably glycosylated 75 - 125 kDa member of the NMB/pMEL-17 family of molecules. It is found in multiple subcellular sites, but is most often associated with the endosomal/lysosomal compartment (1, 2, 3). Human Osteoactivin is a 560 amino acid (aa) type I transmembrane protein. Its precursor contains a 21 aa signal sequence, a 465 aa luminal/extracellular domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment and a 53 aa cytoplasmic tail (4, 5). The luminal region contains an N-terminal heparin-binding motif (aa 23 - 26), multiple glycosylation sites, an RGD motif (aa 64 - 66) and an 88 aa PKD domain (aa 240 - 327). The intracellular tail has an ITAM (Y-x-x-I) and lysosomal targeting (L-L) motif (4, 5). The extracellular/luminal region shares 74% and 77% aa identity with the equivalent regions in mouse and canine, respectively. Multiple isoforms would appear to exist. There is one alternate splice form known that shows a 12 aa insert between aa 339 - 340 (6). An addtional 206 aa isoform shows a mutation at position # 181 that results in a 26 aa substitution for the C-terminal 380 amino acids (7, 8). This has the potential to be soluble and may represent a counterpart to a secreted isoform of rat Osteoactivin (9). Cells known to express Osteoactivin include macrophages/Kupffer cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, myeloid dendritic cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells and melanocytes, plus fetal chondrocytes and stratum basale keratinocytes (3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12). In mice, Osteoactivin is reported to bind to heparan sulfate-proteoglycan, possibly on the surface of endothelial cells and may also interact with integrins (13). It also appears to act as an inflammatory suppressor gene, as its expression downregulates the macrophage inflammatory response by inhibiting IL-6 and IL-12p40 production (3).
- Bachner, D. et al. (2002) Gene Exp. Patterns 1:159.
- Safadi, F.F. et al. (2002) J. Cell. Biochem. 84:12.
- Ripoll, V.M. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:6557.
- Owen, T.A. et al. (2003) Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr. 13:205.
- Weterman, M.A.J. et al. (1995) Int. J. Cancer 60:73.
- Kuan, C-T. et al. (2006) Clin. Cancer Res. 12:1970.
- Lennerz, V. et al. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:16013.
- Genbank Accession # AAH11595.
- Abdelmagid, S.M. et al. (2007) J. Cell. Physiol. 210:26.
- Haralanova-Ilieva, B. et al. (2005) J. Hepatol. 42:565.
- Ahn, J.H. et al. (2002) Blood 100:1742.
- Anderson, M.G. et al. (2002) Nat. Genet. 30:81.
- Shikano, S. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:8125.
Citations for Recombinant Human Osteoactivin/GPNMB Fc Chimera Protein, CF
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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GPNMB Extracellular Fragment Protects Melanocytes from Oxidative Stress by Inhibiting AKT Phosphorylation Independent of CD44
Authors: Q Wang, Y Kuroda, L Yang, S Lai, Y Mizutani, A Iddamalgod, J Guo, A Yamamoto, D Murase, Y Takahashi, L Xiang, S Inoue, D Tsuruta, I Katayama
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021-10-07;22(19):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
GPNMB plays a protective role against obesity-related metabolic disorders by reducing macrophage inflammatory capacity
Authors: A Prabata, K Ikeda, EP Rahardini, KI Hirata, N Emoto
The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2021-09-25;0(0):101232.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
The glycoprotein GPNMB attenuates astrocyte inflammatory responses through the CD44 receptor
Authors: ML Neal, AM Boyle, KM Budge, FF Safadi, JR Richardson
J Neuroinflammation, 2018-03-08;15(1):73.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Exploratory study on the effect of osteoactivin on muscle regeneration in a rat volumetric muscle loss model
Authors: J Ma, AR Baker, A Calabro, KA Derwin
PLoS ONE, 2017-04-20;12(4):e0175853.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo -
Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B extracellular fragment shows neuroprotective effects and activates the PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK pathways via the Na+/K+-ATPase.
Authors: Yoko Ono, Kazuhiro Tsuruma, Masafumi Takata, Masamitsu Shimazawa, Hideaki Hara
Scientific Reports, 2016-03-18;0(0):2045-2322.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
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