Recombinant Human Osteoprotegerin/TNFRSF11B Fc Chimera Summary
Product Specifications
| Human OPG (Glu22-Leu401) Accession # AAB53709 |
IEGRMD | Human IgG1 (Pro100-Lys330) |
6-His tag |
| N-terminus | C-terminus | ||
Analysis
Product Datasheets
805-OS/CF (carrier free)
Discontinued Product
805-OS
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Reconstitution Calculator
Background: Osteoprotegerin/TNFRSF11B
Osteoprotegerin (OPG), also called OCIF (osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor) is a secreted 55 ‑ 60 kDa protein that regulates bone density (1 ‑ 3). As a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily of proteins, it is designated TNFRSF11B (1 ‑ 4). Human OPG cDNA encodes 401 amino acids (aa) including a 21 aa signal peptide and a 380 aa mature soluble protein with four TNFR domains, two death domains and a heparin‑binding region (4). The cysteine‑rich TNFR domains are essential for ligand interaction, while a cysteine at the C‑terminus mediates homodimerization (4). Mature human OPG shares 86%, 87%, 92%, 92% and 88% amino acid sequence identity with mouse, rat, equine, canine and bovine OPG, respectively. OPG is widely expressed and constitutively released as a homodimer by mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells (1, 2, 5, 7). Regulation of its expression by estrogen, parathyroid hormone and cytokines is complex and changes with age (2). OPG has been called a decoy receptor for the TNF superfamily ligands, TRANCE (tumor necrosis factor‑related activation‑induced cytokine), also called RANK L (receptor activator of NF kappa B ligand), and TRAIL (TNF‑related apoptosis‑inducing ligand), which also bind TNF family receptors RANK and TRAIL receptors 1 ‑ 4, respectively (2, 6). TRAIL decreases the release of OPG from cells that express it, while OPG inhibits TRAIL‑induced apoptosis (5, 6). Expression of RANK L on the cell surface, and thus its ability to stimulate osteoclastogenesis, is regulated by OPG by intracellular and extracellular mechanisms (7). Within osteoblasts, interaction of the basic domain of OPG with RANK L in the Golgi inhibits RANK L secretion (7). Extracellularly, OPG binding to RANK L results in clathrin‑mediated internalization and degradation of both proteins (7, 8). Binding of OPG by syndecan‑1 heparin sulfates on multiple myeloma cells also results in OPG internalization and degradation, contributing to bone loss (8, 9). OPG deficiency can cause juvenile Paget’s disease in humans, and insufficient OPG to balance with RANK L and RANK can produce osteoporosis and vascular calcification in both mice and humans (2, 10, 11).
- Simonet, W.S. et al. (1997) Cell 89:309.
- Trouvin, A-P. and V. Goeb 2010) Clin. Interv. Aging 5:345.
- Yasuda, H. et al. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:3597.
- Yamaguchi, K. et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273:5117.
- Corallini, F. et al. (2010) J. Cell. Physiol. Dec. 6 [Epub ahead of print].
- Emery, J.G. et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273:14363.
- Aoki, S. et al. (2010) J. Bone Miner. Res. 25:1907.
- Tat, S.K. et al. (2006) Bone 39:706.
- Standal, T. et al. (2002) Blood 100:3002.
- Whyte, M.P. et al. (2002) N. Engl. J. Med. 347:175.
- Van Campenhout, A. and J. Golledge (2009) Atherosclerosis 204:321.
Citations for Recombinant Human Osteoprotegerin/TNFRSF11B Fc Chimera
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 7
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Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lysine gingipain enhances osteoclast differentiation induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta but suppresses that by interleukin-17A: importance of proteolytic degradation of osteoprotegerin by lysine gingipain.
Authors: Akiyama T, Miyamoto Y, Yoshimura K, Yamada A, Takami M, Suzawa T, Hoshino M, Imamura T, Akiyama C, Yasuhara R, Mishima K, Maruyama T, Kohda C, Tanaka K, Potempa J, Yasuda H, Baba K, Kamijo R
J Biol Chem, 2014-04-22;289(22):15621-30.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Generation of new TRAIL mutants DR5-A and DR5-B with improved selectivity to death receptor 5.
Authors: Gasparian ME, Chernyak BV, Dolgikh DA, Yagolovich AV, Popova EN, Sycheva AM, Moshkovskii SA, Kirpichnikov MP
Apoptosis, 2009-06-01;14(6):778-87.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Protein
Applications: Bioassay -
Conjunctival sac fluid contains elevated levels of soluble TRAIL: implications for the anti-tumoral surveillance of the anterior surface of the eye.
Authors: Secchiero P, Lamberti G, Corallini F, Melloni E, Guarnotta C, Sebastiani A, Zauli G
J. Cell. Physiol., 2009-01-01;218(1):199-204.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
The effects of dexamethasone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on cytokines and receptor expression in a human osteoblastic cell line: potential steroid-sparing role for DHEA.
Authors: Harding G, Mak YT, Evans B, Cheung J, MacDonald D, Hampson G
Cytokine, 2006-12-11;36(1):57-68.
Applications: ELISA (Standard) -
Interface tissue fibroblasts from loose total hip replacement prosthesis produce receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand, osteoprotegerin, and cathepsin K.
Authors: Mandelin J, Li TF, Hukkanen M, Liljestrom M, Salo J, Santavirta S, Konttinen YT
J. Rheumatol., 2005-04-01;32(4):713-20.
Applications: ELISA (Standard) -
The cytolethal distending toxin induces receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand expression in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells.
Authors: Belibasakis GN, Johansson A, Wang Y, Chen C, Kalfas S, Lerner UH
Infect. Immun., 2005-01-01;73(1):342-51.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Development of a novel surrogate virus for human T-cell leukemia virus type 1: inhibition of infection by osteoprotegerin.
Authors: Okuma K, Dalton KP, Buonocore L, Ramsburg E, Rose JK
J. Virol., 2003-08-01;77(15):8562-9.
Species: Hamster, Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
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