Recombinant Mouse IL-21 Protein Summary
Product Specifications
Pro25-Ser146, with and without an N-terminal Met
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
594-ML
Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein. |
Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. |
Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
594-ML/CF
Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS. |
Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Scientific Data
Recombinant Mouse IL-21 (Catalog # 594‑ML) enhances IFN-gamma secretion in NK-92 human natural killer lymphoma cells. The ED50 is 3-30 ng/mL.
1 μg/lane of Recombinant Mouse IL-21 was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) conditions and visualized by silver staining, showing a single band at 15 kDa.
Reconstitution Calculator
Background: IL-21
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is an approximately 14 kDa four-helix-bundle cytokine in the family of cytokines that utilize the common gamma chain ( gamma c) as a receptor subunit. gamma c is also a subunit of the receptors for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15 (1). IL-21 is produced by activated T follicular helper cells (Tfh), Th17 cells, and NKT cells (2-6). It exerts its biological effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex of gamma c and the IL-21-specific IL-21 R (2, 7). Tfh-derived IL-21 plays an important role in the development of humoral immunity through its autocrine effects on the Tfh cell and paracrine effects on immunoglobulin affinity maturation, plasma cell differentiation, and B cell memory responses (4, 8, 9). It is also required for the migration of dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes (10). IL-21 regulates several aspects of T cell function. It co‑stimulates the activation, proliferation, and survival of CD8+ T cells and NKT cells and promotes Th17 cell polarization (3, 5, 6, 11, 12). It blocks the generation of regulatory T cells and their suppressive effects on CD4+ T cells (13, 14). IL-21 R engagement enhances the cytolytic activity and IFN-gamma production of activated NK cells but limits the expansion of resting NK cells (15). In addition, IL-21 suppresses cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions by limiting allergen-specific IgE production and mast cell degranulation (16). Dysregulation of the IL‑21/IL‑21 R system contributes to the development of multiple immunological disorders (1, 17). The mouse IL‑21 precursor contains a predicted 17 amino acid (aa) signal sequence and a 129 aa mature chain. Mature mouse IL-21 shares 66%, 59%, 58%, and 88% aa sequence identity with mature canine, human, rabbit, and rat IL-21, respectively.
- Leonard, W.J. et al. (2008) J. Leukoc. Biol. 84:348.
- Parrish-Novak, et al. (2000) Nature 408:57.
- Coquet, J.M. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:2827.
- Vogelzang, A. et al. (2008) Immunity 29:127.
- Korn, T. et al. (2007) Nature 448:484.
- Nurieva, R. et al. (2007) Nature 448:480.
- Asao, H. et al. (2001) J. Immunol. 167:1.
- Zotos, D. et al. (2010) J. Exp. Med. 207:365.
- Rankin, A.L. et al. (2011) J. Immunol. 186:667.
- Jin, H. et al. (2009) J. Clin. Invest. 119:47.
- Frohlich, A. et al. (2009) Science 324:1576.
- Yi, J.S., et al. (2009) Science 324:1572.
- Peluso, I. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:732.
- Bucher, C. et al. (2009) Blood 114:5375.
- Kasaian, M.T. et al. (2002) Immunity 16:559.
- Tamagawa-Mineoka, R. et al. (2011) J. Invest. Dermatol. 131:1513.
- Ma, J. et al. (2011) Cytokine 56:133.
Citations for Recombinant Mouse IL-21 Protein
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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RACK1 enhances STAT3 stability and promotes T follicular helper cell development and function during blood-stage Plasmodium infection in mice
Authors: Cheng, Q;Yang, X;Zou, T;Sun, L;Zhang, X;Deng, L;Wu, M;Gai, W;Jiang, H;Guo, T;Lu, Y;Dong, J;Niu, C;Pan, W;Zhang, J;
PLoS pathogens
Species: Transgenic Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
CaMK4 controls follicular helper T cell expansion and function during normal and autoimmune T-dependent B cell responses
Authors: Scherlinger, M;Li, H;Pan, W;Li, W;Karino, K;Vichos, T;Boulougoura, A;Yoshida, N;Tsokos, MG;Tsokos, GC;
Nature communications
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
The TRIM37 variants in Mulibrey nanism patients paralyze follicular helper T cell differentiation
Authors: Gu, W;Zhang, J;Li, Q;Zhang, Y;Lin, X;Wu, B;Yin, Q;Sun, J;Lu, Y;Sun, X;Jia, C;Li, C;Zhang, Y;Wang, M;Yin, X;Wang, S;Xu, J;Wang, R;Zhu, S;Cheng, S;Chen, S;Liu, L;Zhu, L;Yan, C;Yi, C;Li, X;Lian, Q;Lin, G;Ling, Z;Ma, L;Zhou, M;Xiao, K;Wei, H;Hu, R;Zhou, W;Ye, L;Wang, H;Li, J;Sun, B;
Cell discovery
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Magnesium increases numbers of Foxp3+ Treg cells and reduces arthritis severity and joint damage in an IL-10-dependent manner mediated by the intestinal microbiome
Authors: Laragione, T;Harris, C;Azizgolshani, N;Beeton, C;Bongers, G;Gulko, PS;
EBioMedicine
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
The RNA-binding protein hnRNP F is required for the germinal center B cell response
Authors: H Huang, Y Li, G Zhang, GX Ruan, Z Zhu, W Chen, J Zou, R Zhang, J Wang, Y Ouyang, S Xu, X Ou
Nature Communications, 2023-03-30;14(1):1731.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Inflammatory Cytokines That Enhance Antigen Responsiveness of Na�ve CD8+ T Lymphocytes Modulate Chromatin Accessibility of Genes Impacted by Antigen Stimulation
Authors: AJI Quenum, MA Santharam, S Ramanathan, S Ilangumara
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-11-16;23(22):.
Species: Transgenic Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Hematopoietic Prostaglandin D2 Synthase Controls Tfh/Th2 Communication and Limits Tfh Antitumor Effects
Authors: R Mary, F Chalmin, T Accogli, M Bruchard, C Hibos, J Melin, C Truntzer, E Limagne, V Derangère, M Thibaudin, E Humblin, R Boidot, S Chevrier, L Arnould, C Richard, Q Klopfenste, A Bernard, Y Urade, JA Harker, L Apetoh, F Ghiringhel, F Végran
Cancer Immunology Research, 2022-07-01;0(0):OF1-OF17.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
The concerted change in the distribution of cell cycle phases and zone composition in germinal centers is regulated by IL-21
Authors: D Zotos, I Quast, CSN Li-Wai-Sue, CI McKenzie, MJ Robinson, A Kan, GK Smyth, PD Hodgkin, DM Tarlinton
Nature Communications, 2021-12-09;12(1):7160.
Species: Mouse, Transgenic Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors of a Mir155 Transcriptional Reporter in Th17 Cells
Authors: A Singh, M Dashynam, B Chim, TM Escobar, X Liu, X Hu, S Patnaik, X Xu, N Southall, J Marugan, A Jadhav, V Lazarevic, SA Muljo, M Ferrer
Scientific Reports, 2021-06-01;11(1):11498.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Adoptive transfer of type 1 regulatory T cells suppressed the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation model mice
Authors: M Matsuda, K Doi, T Tsutsumi, M Inaba, J Hamaguchi, T Terada, R Kawata, K Kitatani, T Nabe
J. Pharmacol. Sci., 2019-11-02;141(4):139-145.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture -
Enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocytes recruitment targeting tumor vasculatures by endoglin aptamer and IP-10 plasmid presenting liposome-based nanocarriers
Authors: X Yang, J Zhao, S Duan, X Hou, X Li, Z Hu, Z Tang, F Mo, X Lu
Theranostics, 2019-05-31;9(14):4066-4083.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Distinct Requirements of CHD4 during B Cell Development and Antibody Response
Authors: WF Yen, R Sharma, M Cols, CM Lau, A Chaudhry, P Chowdhury, WT Yewdell, B Vaidyanath, A Sun, M Coffre, JN Pucella, CC Chen, M Jasin, JC Sun, AY Rudensky, SB Koralov, J Chaudhuri
Cell Rep, 2019-04-30;27(5):1472-1486.e5.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
REV-ERB? Regulates TH17 Cell Development and Autoimmunity
Authors: M Amir, S Chaudhari, R Wang, S Campbell, SA Mosure, LB Chopp, Q Lu, J Shang, OB Pelletier, Y He, C Doebelin, MD Cameron, DJ Kojetin, TM Kamenecka, LA Solt
Cell Rep, 2018-12-26;25(13):3733-3749.e8.
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Neddylation contributes to CD4+ T cell-mediated protective immunity against blood-stage Plasmodium infection
Authors: Q Cheng, J Liu, Y Pei, Y Zhang, D Zhou, W Pan, J Zhang
PLoS Pathog., 2018-11-21;14(11):e1007440.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
IL22 Inhibits Epithelial Stem Cell Expansion in an Ileal Organoid Model
Authors: B Zwarycz, AD Gracz, KR Rivera, IA Williamson, LA Samsa, J Starmer, MA Daniele, L Salter-Cid, Q Zhao, ST Magness
Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2018-07-04;7(1):1-17.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Organoids
Applications: Bioassay -
T Follicular Helper Cell-Germinal Center B Cell Interaction Strength Regulates Entry into Plasma Cell or Recycling Germinal Center Cell Fate
Authors: W Ise, K Fujii, K Shiroguchi, A Ito, K Kometani, K Takeda, E Kawakami, K Yamashita, K Suzuki, T Okada, T Kurosaki
Immunity, 2018-04-17;48(4):702-715.e4.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Characterization and allergic role of IL-33-induced neutrophil polarization
Authors: B Sun, L Zhu, Y Tao, HX Sun, Y Li, P Wang, Y Hou, Y Zhao, X Zhang, L Zhang, N Na, Y Zhao
Cell. Mol. Immunol., 2018-03-05;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
IL-1? and IL-23 Promote Extrathymic Commitment of CD27(+)CD122(-) ?? T Cells to ??T17 Cells
Authors: A Muschaweck, F Petermann, T Korn
J. Immunol., 2017-08-30;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Chitosan nanoparticle-based delivery of fused NKG2D-IL-21 gene suppresses colon cancer growth in mice
Authors: L Tan, S Han, S Ding, W Xiao, Y Ding, L Qian, C Wang, W Gong
Int J Nanomedicine, 2017-04-13;12(0):3095-3107.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo -
Egr2 and Egr3 in regulatory T cells cooperatively control systemic autoimmunity through Ltbp3-mediated TGF-?3 production
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2016-11-30;113(50):E8131-E8140.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Local triggering of the ICOS coreceptor by CD11c(+) myeloid cells drives organ inflammation in lupus.
Authors: Teichmann L, Cullen J, Kashgarian M, Dong C, Craft J, Shlomchik M
Immunity, 2015-03-17;42(3):552-65.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
IL-1 signaling modulates activation of STAT transcription factors to antagonize retinoic acid signaling and control the TH17 cell-iTreg cell balance.
Authors: Basu R, Whitley S, Bhaumik S, Zindl C, Schoeb T, Benveniste E, Pear W, Hatton R, Weaver C
Nat Immunol, 2015-02-02;16(3):286-95.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
A novel murine cytomegalovirus vaccine vector protects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Authors: Beverley P, Ruzsics Z, Hey A, Hutchings C, Boos S, Bolinger B, Marchi E, O'Hara G, Klenerman P, Koszinowski U, Tchilian E
J Immunol, 2014-07-28;193(5):2306-16.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo -
The inhibitory effect of IFN-gamma on protease HTRA1 expression in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: Hou Y, Lin H, Zhu L, Liu Z, Hu F, Shi J, Yang T, Shi X, Guo H, Tan X, Zhang L, Wang Q, Li Z, Zhao Y
J Immunol, 2014-06-06;193(1):130-8.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
miR-20b suppresses Th17 differentiation and the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by targeting RORgammat and STAT3.
Authors: Zhu E, Wang X, Zheng B, Wang Q, Hao J, Chen S, Zhao Q, Zhao L, Wu Z, Yin Z
J Immunol, 2014-05-19;192(12):5599-609.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
IL-21 induces IL-22 production in CD4+ T cells.
Authors: Yeste A, Mascanfroni I, Nadeau M, Burns E, Tukpah A, Santiago A, Wu C, Patel B, Kumar D, Quintana F
Nat Commun, 2014-05-06;5(0):3753.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Local BLyS production by T follicular cells mediates retention of high affinity B cells during affinity maturation.
Authors: Goenka, Radhika, Matthews, Andrew H, Zhang, Bochao, O'Neill, Patrick, Scholz, Jean L, Migone, Thi-Sau, Leonard, Warren J, Stohl, William, Hershberg, Uri, Cancro, Michael
J Exp Med, 2013-12-23;211(1):45-56.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Preclinical studies of a specific PPARgamma modulator in the control of skin inflammation.
Authors: Mastrofrancesco A, Kovacs D, Sarra M, Bastonini E, Cardinali G, Aspite N, Camera E, Chavatte P, Desreumaux P, Monteleone G, Picardo M
J Invest Dermatol, 2013-10-28;134(4):1001-11.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo -
CSF-1 receptor-mediated differentiation of a new type of monocytic cell with B cell-stimulating activity: its selective dependence on IL-34.
Authors: Yamane F, Nishikawa Y, Matsui K, Asakura M, Iwasaki E, Watanabe K, Tanimoto H, Sano H, Fujiwara Y, Stanley E, Kanayama N, Mabbott N, Magari M, Ohmori H
J Leukoc Biol, 2013-09-19;95(1):19-31.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Rgs13 constrains early B cell responses and limits germinal center sizes.
Authors: Hwang I, Hwang K, Park C, Harrison K, Kehrl J
PLoS ONE, 2013-03-22;8(3):e60139.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
IL-21 promotes CD8+ CTL activity via the transcription factor T-bet.
Authors: Sutherland A, Joller N, Michaud M, Liu S, Kuchroo V, Grusby M
J Immunol, 2013-03-11;190(8):3977-84.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
The cytokines IL-21 and GM-CSF have opposing regulatory roles in the apoptosis of conventional dendritic cells.
Authors: Wan C, Oh J, Li P, West E, Wong E, Andraski A, Spolski R, Yu Z, He J, Kelsall B, Leonard W
Immunity, 2013-02-28;38(3):514-27.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Interleukin 7 (IL-7) selectively promotes mouse and human IL-17-producing gammadelta cells.
Authors: Michel M, Pang D, Haque S, Potocnik A, Pennington D, Hayday A
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2012-10-09;109(43):17549-54.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Regulation of innate CD8+ T-cell activation mediated by cytokines.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2012-06-04;109(25):9971-6.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Determinants of Successful CD8+ T-Cell Adoptive Immunotherapy for Large Established Tumors in Mice.
Authors: Klebanoff CA, Gattinoni L, Palmer DC, Muranski P, Ji Y, Hinrichs CS, Borman ZA, Kerkar SP, Scott CD, Finkelstein SE, Rosenberg SA, Restifo NP
Clin. Cancer Res., 2011-07-07;17(16):5343-52.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo -
STAT3-dependent IL-21 production from T helper cells regulates hematopoietic progenitor cell homeostasis.
Authors: Kaplan MH, Glosson NL, Stritesky GL, Yeh N, Kinzfogl J, Rohrabaugh SL, Goswami R, Pham D, Levy DE, Brutkiewicz RR, Blum JS, Cooper S, Hangoc G, Broxmeyer HE
Blood, 2011-04-19;117(23):6198-201.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo -
IL-21 Promotes Skin Recruitment of CD4+ Cells and Drives IFN-{gamma}-Dependent Epidermal Hyperplasia.
Authors: Sarra M, Caruso R, Cupi ML, Monteleone I, Stolfi C, Campione E, Diluvio L, Mazzotta A, Botti E, Chimenti S, Costanzo A, MacDonald TT, Pallone F, Monteleone G
J. Immunol., 2011-03-25;186(9):5435-42.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo -
IL-21 Reduces Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions in Mouse Skin by Suppressing Mast Cell Activation or IgE Production.
Authors: Tamagawa-Mineoka R, Kishida T, Mazda O
J. Invest. Dermatol., 2011-03-24;131(7):1513-20.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo -
Interleukin-1 family cytokines as mucosal vaccine adjuvants for induction of protective immunity against influenza virus.
Authors: Kayamuro H, Yoshioka Y, Abe Y, Arita S, Katayama K, Nomura T, Yoshikawa T, Kubota-Koketsu R, Ikuta K, Okamoto S, Mori Y, Kunisawa J, Kiyono H, Itoh N, Nagano K, Kamada H, Tsutsumi Y, Tsunoda S
J. Virol., 2010-09-29;84(24):12703-12.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo -
Naive and activated T cells display differential responsiveness to TL1A that affects Th17 generation, maintenance, and proliferation.
Authors: Jones GW, Stumhofer JS, Foster T, Twohig JP, Hertzog P, Topley N, Williams AS, Hunter CA, Jenkins BJ, Wang EC, Jones SA
FASEB J., 2010-09-08;25(1):409-19.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
The sensing of environmental stimuli by follicular dendritic cells promotes immunoglobulin A generation in the gut.
Authors: Suzuki K, Maruya M, Kawamoto S
Immunity, 2010-07-23;33(1):71-83.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Regulation of the IL-21 gene by the NF-kappaB transcription factor c-Rel.
Authors: Chen G, Hardy K, Bunting K
J. Immunol., 2010-07-16;185(4):2350-9.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo, Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay, In Vivo -
Cutting edge: IL-27 induces the transcription factor c-Maf, cytokine IL-21, and the costimulatory receptor ICOS that coordinately act together to promote differentiation of IL-10-producing Tr1 cells.
Authors: Pot C, Jin H, Awasthi A
J. Immunol., 2009-07-01;183(2):797-801.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Mouse fetal and embryonic liver cells differentiate human umbilical cord blood progenitors into CD56-negative natural killer cell precursors in the absence of interleukin-15.
Authors: McCullar V, Oostendorp R, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Yun G, Lutz CT, Wagner JE, Miller JS
Exp. Hematol., 2008-03-04;36(5):598-608.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
IL-21 administration into the nostril alleviates murine allergic rhinitis.
Authors: Hiromura Y, Kishida T, Nakano H, Hama T, Imanishi J, Hisa Y, Mazda O
J. Immunol., 2007-11-15;179(10):7157-65.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo -
Blockade of the interleukin-21/interleukin-21 receptor pathway ameliorates disease in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: Young DA, Hegen M, Ma HL, Whitters MJ, Albert LM, Lowe L, Senices M, Wu PW, Sibley B, Leathurby Y, Brown TP, Nickerson-Nutter C, Keith JC, Collins M
Arthritis Rheum., 2007-04-01;56(4):1152-63.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Autoreactive T cells mediate NK cell degeneration in autoimmune disease.
Authors: Liu R, Van Kaer L, La Cava A, Price M, Campagnolo DI, Collins M, Young DA, Vollmer TL, Shi FD
J. Immunol., 2006-05-01;176(9):5247-54.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Expression of interleukin-21 receptor, but not interleukin-21, in synovial fibroblasts and synovial macrophages of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: Jungel A, Distler JH, Kurowska-Stolarska M, Seemayer CA, Seibl R, Forster A, Michel BA, Gay RE, Emmrich F, Gay S, Distler O
Arthritis Rheum., 2004-05-01;50(5):1468-76.
Applications: ELISA (Standard) -
IL-21 induces the functional maturation of murine NK cells.
Authors: Brady J, Hayakawa Y, Smyth MJ, Nutt SL
J. Immunol., 2004-02-15;172(4):2048-58.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: N/A, Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay, ELISA (Standard) -
IL-21 induces tumor rejection by specific CTL and IFN-gamma-dependent CXC chemokines in syngeneic mice.
Authors: Di Carlo E, Comes A, Orengo AM, Rosso O, Meazza R, Musiani P, Colombo MP, Ferrini S
J. Immunol., 2004-02-01;172(3):1540-7.
Applications: Western Blot
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Average Rating: 4.3 (Based on 3 Reviews)
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Reason for Rating: This cytokine has been used to expand in vitro murine B cells
Reason for Rating: Worked well in inducing IL-17A production in naive CD4+ T cells.
Naive CD4+ T cells (CD4+CD44lowCD62L+CD25-) were cultured with 3 ng/mL TGF-b, 100 ng/mL IL-21, 10 ug/mL each of anti-IL-4 and anti-IFN-g, 1 ug/mL anti-CD23 (plate-bound) and 1 ug/mL anti-CD28 for 4 days.